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Cardinalis (cardinals)

Reptilia - Passeriformes - Cardinalidae

Taxonomy
Cardinalis was named by Bonaparte (1838). It is extant. It was considered unknown by Emslie (1998).

It was assigned to Emberizidae by Emslie (1998); and to Cardinalidae by Clements et al. (2017).

Species
C. cardinalis

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1838Cardinalis Bonaparte
1918Richmondena Mathews and Iredale
1998Cardinalis Emslie p. 78
2017Cardinalis Clements et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familyCardinalidaeRidgway 1901
genusCardinalisBonaparte 1838

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Cardinalis Bonaparte 1838 [cardinals]
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Cardinalis cardinalis Linnaeus 1758 [northern cardinal]
Invalid names: Richmondena Mathews and Iredale 1918 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 2.58800 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 1.806 Ma

Collections (7 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Cardinalis cardinalis (20384)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Cardinalis cardinalis (20350 20385)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Richmondena cardinalis (20571 20595 20636)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Cardinalis cardinalis (154722)