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Heterodontiformes (bullhead shark)
Taxonomy
Heterodontiformes was named by Berg (1940). It is extant.
It was reranked as the suborder Heterodontiformes by Cassier (1966).
It was assigned to Euselachii by Cassier (1966); to Selachii by Applegate (1970); to Chondrichthyes by Sepkoski (2002); to Galea by Underwood and Ward (2004); to Neoselachii by Kriwet (2008); to Galeomorphii by Biddle (1993) and Kriwet et al. (2009); to Galeomorphi by Long (2011) and Nelson et al. (2016); and to Galeomorphii by Thies (1983), Delsate (2003), Cahuzac et al. (2007) and Ebersole et al. (2019).
It was reranked as the suborder Heterodontiformes by Cassier (1966).
It was assigned to Euselachii by Cassier (1966); to Selachii by Applegate (1970); to Chondrichthyes by Sepkoski (2002); to Galea by Underwood and Ward (2004); to Neoselachii by Kriwet (2008); to Galeomorphii by Biddle (1993) and Kriwet et al. (2009); to Galeomorphi by Long (2011) and Nelson et al. (2016); and to Galeomorphii by Thies (1983), Delsate (2003), Cahuzac et al. (2007) and Ebersole et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1940 | Heterodontiformes Berg |
1966 | Heterodontiformes Cassier p. 51 |
1970 | Heterodontiformes Applegate p. 393 |
1983 | Heterodontiformes Thies p. 28 |
1993 | Heterodontiformes Biddle p. 201 |
2002 | Heterodontiformes Sepkoski |
2003 | Heterodontiformes Delsate p. 8 |
2004 | Heterodontiformes Underwood and Ward p. 460 |
2007 | Heterodontiformes Cahuzac et al. p. 14 |
2008 | Heterodontiformes Kriwet p. 236 |
2009 | Heterodontiformes Kriwet et al. p. 320 |
2011 | Heterodontiformes Long p. 242 |
2016 | Heterodontiformes Nelson et al. p. 59 |
2019 | Heterodontiformes Ebersole et al. p. 15 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Heterodontiformes Berg 1940 [bullhead shark]
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Fm. Heterodontidae Gray 1851
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G. †Acrodonchus Fraas 1889
G. †Centracion Gray 1831
G. †Centrodus Giebel 1848
G. †Chalazacanthus Davis 1883
G. †Drepanephorus Egerton 1872
G. †Echinodus Davis 1884
G. †Gyropleurodus Gill 1862
G. Heterodontus de Blainville 1816 [bullhead shark]
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†Heterodontus boussioni Guinot et al. 2013
†Heterodontus cainozoicus Pledge 1985
†Heterodontus canaliculatus Egerton and Woodward 1889
†Heterodontus carerens Kriwet 1999
†Heterodontus creamridgensis Case et al. 2001
†Heterodontus duffini Thies 1983
†Heterodontus havreensis Herman 1977
†Heterodontus laevis Guinot et al. 2013
†Heterodontus lerichei Casier 1943
†Heterodontus lonzeensis Herman 1977
†Heterodontus maisierensis Herman 1977
Heterodontus philippi Bloch and Schneider 1801
†Heterodontus pineti Fedorowski 1912
†Heterodontus polonicus Rees 2005
Heterodontus portujacksoni Meyer 1793 [Port Jackson shark]
†Heterodontus rugosus Agassiz 1839
†Heterodontus semirugosus Plieninger 1847
†Heterodontus sowasheense Case 1994
†Heterodontus upnikensis Dalinkevičius 1935
†Heterodontus wardensis Cassier 1966
Heterodontus woodwardi Casier 1946
Invalid names: Cestracion Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Heterodontobatis Landemaine 1991 [synonym]
G. †Hybodopsis Barkas 1878
G. †Paracestracion Koken in Zittel 1911
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†Paracestracion bellis Underwood and Ward 2004
†Paracestracion falcifer Wagner 1857
†Paracestracion pectinatus Guinot et al. 2014
†Paracestracion sarstedensis Thies 1983
†Paracestracion viohli Kriwet 2008
G. †Psilacanthus Quenstedt 1858
G. †Pycnacanthus Fischer von Waldheim 1852
G. †Rhabdiodus
G. †Selachidea Quenstedt 1852
G. †Styracodus
G. †Tropidodus Gill 1862
Invalid names: Hybodontoidei Owen 1846 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Famennian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 370.60000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 364.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 364.7 Ma
Collections (162 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Middle Famennian | Russian Federation (Oryol Oblast) | Pycnacanthus fischeri (226045) | |
Mississippian | United Kingdom | Lispacanthus retrogradus (137333) | |
Anisian - Carnian | Zambia (Eastern) | Hybodontoidei indet. (151894) | |
Fassanian | Poland | Heterodontus sp. (149685) | |
Bifrons | Luxembourg | Heterodontus duffini (141382) | |
Levesquei | Luxembourg | Heterodontus sp. (148935) | |
Variabilis | Luxembourg | Heterodontus duffini (141383) Paracestracion sp., Heterodontus duffini (141384) | |
Thouarsense | Luxembourg | Paracestracion sp., Heterodontus duffini (141386 141389) | |
Aalenian | Germany | Heterodontus sarstedtensis, Heterodontus duffini (137168) | |
Early/Lower Bajocian | France (Grand Est) | Paracestracion sp. (179498) | |
Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Paracestracion sp., Proheterodontus sylvestris (91449) Proheterodontus sylvestris (224639) | |
Middle Bathonian | France (Basse-Normandie) | Cestracion sp. (49334) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Bayern) | Paracestracion viohli (59175) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Heterodontus falcifer (154138) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | United Kingdom (England) | Paracestracion falcifer, Heterodontus semirugosus (140224) | |
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | Heterodontus sp. (92144 92145) | |
Early/Lower Valanginian | France (Gard) | Heterodontus sp. 1, Heterodontus sp. 2, Paracestracion pectinatus (213631) | |
Late/Upper Valanginian | Poland (Lodzkie) | Heterodontus polonicus (64836) | |
Late/Upper Valanginian | Poland | Heterodontus polonicus (213518 213519) | |
Valanginian | France | Heterodontus sp. (214859) |