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Protocetinae (disused)
Taxonomy
Protocetinae was named by Gingerich and Russell (1990). It is not extant. It was considered paraphyletic by Thewissen et al. (1996) and Uhen (2008).
It was assigned to Protocetidae by Fordyce et al. (1995), Thewissen et al. (1996), McKenna and Bell (1997), Uhen (1999), Uhen (2001), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Gingerich et al. (2005), Bianucci and Landini (2007), McLeod and Barnes (2008), Uhen (2008), Gingerich et al. (2009), Gingerich and Cappetta (2014) and Gao and Ni (2015).
It was assigned to Protocetidae by Fordyce et al. (1995), Thewissen et al. (1996), McKenna and Bell (1997), Uhen (1999), Uhen (2001), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Gingerich et al. (2005), Bianucci and Landini (2007), McLeod and Barnes (2008), Uhen (2008), Gingerich et al. (2009), Gingerich and Cappetta (2014) and Gao and Ni (2015).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1990 | Protocetinae Gingerich and Russell |
| 1995 | Protocetinae Fordyce et al. p. 379 |
| 1996 | Protocetinae Thewissen et al. p. 71 figs. Figure 31 |
| 1997 | Protocetinae McKenna and Bell p. 370 |
| 1999 | Protocetinae Uhen p. 513 |
| 2001 | Protocetinae Fordyce and de Muizon p. 176 |
| 2001 | Protocetinae Uhen p. 136 |
| 2005 | Protocetinae Gingerich et al. p. 200 |
| 2007 | Protocetinae Bianucci and Landini p. 45 figs. Table 2.1 |
| 2008 | Protocetinae McLeod and Barnes p. 93 |
| 2008 | Protocetinae Uhen p. 560 |
| 2009 | Protocetinae Gingerich et al. p. 3 |
| 2014 | Protocetinae Gingerich and Cappetta p. 111 |
| 2015 | Protocetinae Gao and Ni p. 156 figs. Table 1 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Protocetinae Gingerich and Russell 1990
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. D. Uhen 2001 | Members of the subfamily Protocetinae have either a single sacral vertebra connected to the innominata or they have no sacral vertebrae that are directly connected to the innominata or connected to one another. See Uhen (1999) for a discussion of the differences between and composition of the subfamilies of Protocetidae, the Protocetinae and Indocetinae. Included Genera. — Eocetus Fraas, 1904; Pappocetus Andrews, 1920; Babiacetus Trivedy and Satsangi, 1984; Takracetus Gingerich, Arif, and Clyde, 1995; Gaviacetus Gingerich, Arif, and Clyde, 1995; Georgiacetus Hulbert and others, 1998, Natchitochia Uhen, 1998a. | |
| M. D. Uhen 2008 | Members of the subfamily Protocetinae are characterized by having either a single sacral vertebra connected to the innominata or no sacral vertebrae that are directly connected to the innominata or connected to one another (Uhen, 1998b). The subfamily Protocetinae is most likely paraphyletic, giving rise to the Basilosauridae (Thewissen et al., 1996). |