Where: Falcon, Venezuela (11.9° N, 69.8° W)
• Paleocoordinates: 12.5° N, 64.2° W (Wright 2013)
• coordinate based on nearby landmark
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Cantaure Formation, Burdigalian (20.4 - 16.0 Ma)
• Clays, sandstone, and limestones of up to 75, thick, although no single section is completely exposed. Collection apparently derived from near middle part of that thickness. Overlies unconformably Cretaceous rocks and is conformably overlain by limestones on middle to upper Miocene. Jung (1965) regarded the collection as early Middle Miocene, though more recent authors, including Vermeij (2001) indicate an Early Miocene (Burdigalian) age. Formation formerly referred to as "Cerro Pelado". Díaz de Gamero (1974), based on planktic forams, assigned a Lower Miocene age to the Cantaure Formation, placing it in the Globigerinatella insueta and Praeorbulina glomerosa Zones of Bolli (1966) and Zones N7-N8 of Blow (1969). Rey (1996) confirmed this age based on the nannofossil assemblage, and placing it in the Helicosphaera ampliaperta and Sphenolithus heteromorphus Zones, NN4-NN5.
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: transition zone or lower shoreface; unlithified, micaceous, shelly/skeletal, silty claystone
Size class: macrofossils
Reposited in the BMNH, NMB, PRI, USNM
Collection methods: quarrying,
• All material is reposited in the Natural History Museum (NMB), Basel, Switzerland, with some voucher specimens in the British Museum, PRI, and USNM.
Primary reference: P. Jung. 1965. Miocene Mollusca from the Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela. Bulletins of American Paleontology 49(223):389-652 [A. Miller/A. Hendy]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 60144: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 03.05.2006, edited by Bethany Allen
Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)
Taxonomic list
Bivalvia | |
Gastropoda | |
Turritella machapoorensis paraguanensis turret shell | |
Bursa (Colubrellina) caelata amphitrites frog shell | |
Ficus carbasea carbesea fig shell | |
Murex (Murex) recurvirostris quirosensis murex snail | |
Antillophos candei gatunensis true whelk | |
Cymia buchivacoana cantaurana murex snail | |
Turritella machapoorensis wiedenmayeri turret shell | |
Scaphopoda | |
Dentalium (Dentalium) bocasense Olsson 1922 tusk shell | |
"Cadulus (Cadulus) aff. phenax" = Cadulus (Gadila) phenax
"Cadulus (Cadulus) aff. phenax" = Cadulus (Gadila) phenax Pilsbry and Sharp 1898 tusk shell | |
Bivalvia | |
Macrocallista maculata, Pitar (Lamelliconcha) circinatus, Pitar (Pitarella) paraguanensis, "Chione (Chionopsis) paraguanensis" = Chione (Chionopsis) tegulum, "Antigona (Ventricolaria) palmerae" = Ventricolaria harrisiana, Pleiorytis caroniana, Clementia (Clementia) dariena, "Cyclinella venezuelana" = Cyclinella cyclica
Macrocallista maculata Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
Pitar (Lamelliconcha) circinatus venus clam
Pitar (Pitarella) paraguanensis Hodson 1927 venus
"Chione (Chionopsis) paraguanensis" = Chione (Chionopsis) tegulum Brown and Pilsbry 1911 venus clam
"Antigona (Ventricolaria) palmerae" = Ventricolaria harrisiana Olsson 1922 venus clam
Pleiorytis caroniana Maury 1925 venus clam
Clementia (Clementia) dariena Conrad 1855 venus clam
"Cyclinella venezuelana" = Cyclinella cyclica Guppy 1866 venus clam | |
"Mactra (Micromactra) maracaibensis" = Mactrotoma, "Mactra (Mactrotoma) ? quirosana" = Mactrotoma quirosana
"Mactra (Micromactra) maracaibensis" = Mactrotoma surfclam
"Mactra (Mactrotoma) ? quirosana" = Mactrotoma quirosana Hodson 1931 surfclam | |
Chama aff. berjadinensis Hodson 1927 jewel box
Pseudochama quirosana jewel box | |
Semele sp. Schumacher 1817 clam | |
Tellina (Eurytellina) paraguanensis, "? Psammacoma sp." = Macoma (Psammacoma), "? Psammacoma cf. falconensis" = Psammacoma gatunensis
Tellina (Eurytellina) paraguanensis Hodson 1931 tellin clam
"? Psammacoma sp." = Macoma (Psammacoma) Dall 1900 tellin clam
"? Psammacoma cf. falconensis" = Psammacoma gatunensis Toula 1909 tellin clam | |
Trachycardium (Dallocardia) bowdenense, Trigoniocardia (Trigoniocardia) aff. ceramida, Trigoniocardia hannai
Trachycardium (Dallocardia) bowdenense Dall 1900 cockle
Trigoniocardia hannai Olsson 1932 cockle | |
"Corbula (Tenuicorbula) aff. tenuis lupina" = Tenuicorbula tenuis, "Corbula (Caryocorbula) quirosana" = Caryocorbula quirosana, "Corbula (Caryocorbula) fortis" = Caryocorbula fortis
"Corbula (Tenuicorbula) aff. tenuis lupina" = Tenuicorbula tenuis Sowerby 1833 clam
"Corbula (Caryocorbula) quirosana" = Caryocorbula quirosana Hodson 1931 clam
"Corbula (Caryocorbula) fortis" = Caryocorbula fortis Jung 1965 clam | |
"Cardita paraguanensis" = Glyptoactis paraguanensis
"Cardita paraguanensis" = Glyptoactis paraguanensis Hodson 1931 clam | |
"Eucrassatella trinitaria venezuelana" = Eucrassatella (Hybolophus) venezuelana
"Eucrassatella trinitaria venezuelana" = Eucrassatella (Hybolophus) venezuelana Hodson 1927 clam | |
"Plicatula cf. guppyi" = Plicatula gibbosa
"Plicatula cf. guppyi" = Plicatula gibbosa Lamarck 1801 scallop | |
Spondylus aff. lucasi Maury 1920 scallop | |
Atrina sp. Gray 1842 oyster | |
"Ostrea aff. aguaclarensis" = Hyotissa aguaclarensis
"Ostrea aff. aguaclarensis" = Hyotissa aguaclarensis Hodson et al. 1927 oyster | |
Ostrea aff. vaughani insularis Pilsbry and Brown 1917 oyster
Ostrea cf. portoricoensis Hubbard 1920 oyster | |
"Glycymeris (Glycymeris) aff. democraciana" = Tucetona democraciana, Glycymeris (Glycymeris) aff. jamaicensis
"Glycymeris (Glycymeris) aff. democraciana" = Tucetona democraciana Hodson et al. 1927 clam
Glycymeris (Glycymeris) aff. jamaicensis Dall 1898 bittersweet clam | |
Noetia dauleana paraguanensis, "Eontia aff. centrota" = Noetia (Eontia) centrota
Noetia dauleana paraguanensis Jung 1965 clam
"Eontia aff. centrota" = Noetia (Eontia) centrota Guppy 1867 clam | |
Barbatia (Cucullaearca) aff. mississippiensis, Anadara (Scapharca) cf. spiekeri, "Anadara (Scapharca) tirantensis" = Anadara (Rasia) tirantensis, "Anadara (Scapharca) aff. cornellana" = Anadara (Rasia) cornellana, Anadara (Cunearca) inutilis, Anadara (Cunearca) zorritoensis, "Arca (Arca) umbonata" = Lamarcka imbricata
Barbatia (Cucullaearca) aff. mississippiensis Conrad 1848 clam
Anadara (Scapharca) cf. spiekeri Olsson 1932 clam
"Anadara (Scapharca) tirantensis" = Anadara (Rasia) tirantensis Hodson et al. 1927 ark
"Anadara (Scapharca) aff. cornellana" = Anadara (Rasia) cornellana Hodson et al. 1927 ark
Anadara (Cunearca) inutilis Jung 1965 ark
Anadara (Cunearca) zorritoensis Spieker 1922 ark
"Arca (Arca) umbonata" = Lamarcka imbricata Bruguière 1789 clam | |
Nuculana (? Politoleda) forcati, "Nuculana (Saccella) gnonom" = Saccella, "Nuculana (Saccella) aff. gnonom" = Saccella, Nuculana (Saccella) parva, Nuculana (? Saccella) gracillima
Nuculana (? Politoleda) forcati pointed nut clam
"Nuculana (Saccella) gnonom" = Saccella pointed nut clam
"Nuculana (Saccella) aff. gnonom" = Saccella pointed nut clam
Nuculana (Saccella) parva Jung 1965 pointed nut clam
Nuculana (? Saccella) gracillima Jung 1965 pointed nut clam | |
Gastropoda | |
? Acmaea astroides limpet | |
Cirsotrema undulatum wentletrap
Scalina pseudoleroyi Maury 1925 wentletrap | |
"Calyptraea (Trochita) cf. radians" = Trochita radians, Crepidula cantaurana, Crucibulum (Dispotaea) ecuadorense, Crucibulum (Dispotaea) waltonense, "? Crepidula (? Crepipatella) insculpta" = Crucibulum (Dispotaea) insculpta
"Calyptraea (Trochita) cf. radians" = Trochita radians Lamarck 1816 slipper shell
Crepidula cantaurana slipper shell
Crucibulum (Dispotaea) ecuadorense slipper shell
Crucibulum (Dispotaea) waltonense Gardner 1947 slipper shell
"? Crepidula (? Crepipatella) insculpta" = Crucibulum (Dispotaea) insculpta Jung 1965 slipper shell | |
| |
Sconsia laevigata Guppy 1850 snail | |
| |
Pallacera urumacoensis snail
Pallacera maracaibensis snail | |
"Melongena melongena consors" = Melongena consors
"Melongena melongena consors" = Melongena consors Sowerby 1850 snail | |
? Antillophos "sp. A" Woodring 1928 true whelk
Antillophos aff. landesi Marks 1951 true whelk
Cymatophos cocoditoensis true whelk
Cymatophos paraguanensis Hodson and Hodson 1931 true whelk | |
Latirus cf. tumbeziensis snail
Latirus (Polygona) aff. anapetes Woodring 1964 snail
Fusinus mithras spindle shell | |
Mitrella quirosana dove shell | |
Turbinella falconensis Hodson 1931 snail | |
Agaronia testacea costaricensis, "Oliva (Oliva) cylindrica" = Oliva cylindrica
Agaronia testacea costaricensis Olsson 1922 olive snail
"Oliva (Oliva) cylindrica" = Oliva cylindrica Sowerby 1850 olive snail | |
Mitra (Tiara) quirosana mitre shell | |
Trigonostoma woodringi, "Cancellaria (Bivetiella) beata" = Bivetiella, Bivetiella dariena5, "Cancellaria (Euclia) werenfelsi" = Euclia werenfelsi, Cancellaria paraguanensis, Cancellaria (? Cancellaria) lavelana, Cancellaria (Cancellaria) sp.2, "Cancellaria (Characolleria) terryi" = Massyla terryi
Trigonostoma woodringi Jung 1965 snail
"Cancellaria (Bivetiella) beata" = Bivetiella snail
"Cancellaria (Euclia) werenfelsi" = Euclia werenfelsi Jung 1965 snail
"Cancellaria (Characolleria) terryi" = Massyla terryi Olsson 1942 snail | |
Conus wiedenmayeri, Conus aristos, Conus aff. molis, Conus aff. imitator, Conus trajectionis, Conus talis
Conus wiedenmayeri cone shell
Conus aristos cone shell
Conus aff. molis Brown and Pilsbry 1911 cone shell
Conus aff. imitator Brown and Pilsbry 1911 cone shell
Conus trajectionis Maury 1910 cone shell
Conus talis Jung 1965 cone shell | |
"Borsonia (Paraborsonia) cantaurana" = Paraborsonia
"Borsonia (Paraborsonia) cantaurana" = Paraborsonia snail | |
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) "sp. A"" = Strioterebrum, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) ulloa" = Strioterebrum ulloa, Terebra (Paraterebra) inaequalis, Terebra (Paraterebra) sulcifera, Hastula lissa
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) "sp. A"" = Strioterebrum Sacco 1891 auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) ulloa" = Strioterebrum ulloa Olsson 1932 auger snail
Terebra (Paraterebra) inaequalis Sowerby 1849 auger snail
Terebra (Paraterebra) sulcifera Sowerby 1849 auger snail
Hastula lissa auger snail | |
Fusiturricula cf. jaquensis Sowerby 1850 snail
Clathrodrillia aff. islalindae Maury 1917 snail
Clathrodrillia puertocolombiana Weisbord 1929 snail | |
Knefastia kugleri, "Knefastia aff. lavinoides" = Knefastia limonensis, Crassispira conica, "Crassispira aff. consors" = Hindsiclava consors, "Crassispira henekeni" = Hindsiclava henekeni
Knefastia kugleri snail
"Knefastia aff. lavinoides" = Knefastia limonensis Olsson 1922 snail
Crassispira conica Jung 1965 snail
"Crassispira aff. consors" = Hindsiclava consors Sowerby 1850 snail
"Crassispira henekeni" = Hindsiclava henekeni Sowerby 1850 snail | |
"Glyphostoma dentiferum" = Glyphostoma (Glyphostoma) dentiferum
"Glyphostoma dentiferum" = Glyphostoma (Glyphostoma) dentiferum Gabb 1872 snail | |
Polystira barretti Guppy 1866 turrid | |
"Persicula (Rabicea) venezuelana lavelana" = Persicula lavelana
"Persicula (Rabicea) venezuelana lavelana" = Persicula lavelana Hodson 1927 snail | |
Falsilyria sp. Pilsbry and Olsson 1954 volute | |
Cymia cocoditana, Eupleura kugleri, "Murex (Subpterynotus) textilis" = Murexiella (Subpterynotus) textilis, Chicoreus (Triplex) cornurectus4, "Paziella (? Panamurex) cf. gatunensis" = Poirieria (Panamurex) gatunensis, Murex (? Siratus) triangularis, "Murex (Murex) polynematicus" = Vokesimurex polynematicus, "Typhis (Laevityphis) sawkinsi" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) sawkinsi
Cymia cocoditana Hodson 1931 murex snail
Eupleura kugleri Jung 1965 murex snail
"Murex (Subpterynotus) textilis" = Murexiella (Subpterynotus) textilis Gabb 1873 murex snail
"Paziella (? Panamurex) cf. gatunensis" = Poirieria (Panamurex) gatunensis Brown and Pilsbry 1911 murex snail
Murex (? Siratus) triangularis murex snail
"Murex (Murex) polynematicus" = Vokesimurex polynematicus Brown and Pilsbry 1911 murex snail
"Typhis (Laevityphis) sawkinsi" = Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) sawkinsi Mansfield 1925 murex snail | |
Prunum (Prunum) quirosense Hodson 1927 margin shell | |
"Marginocypraea wegeneri" = Sphaerocypraea wegeneri
"Marginocypraea wegeneri" = Sphaerocypraea wegeneri Schilder 1939 snail | |
"Cypraea aff. isabella" = Luria isabella
"Cypraea aff. isabella" = Luria isabella Linnaeus 1758 Isabell cowry | |
Neverita paraguanensis, Polinices nelsoni, Natica (Naticarius) canrena antinacca, Sinum dodoneum, Sinum gabbi
Neverita paraguanensis Hodson 1927 moon snail
Polinices nelsoni moon snail
Natica (Naticarius) canrena antinacca Cossmann 1924 moon snail
Sinum dodoneum moon snail
Sinum gabbi Brown and Pilsbry 1913 moon snail | |
Hipponix ceras hoof shell | |
Rhinoclavis (Ochetoclava) venada cerith snail | |
Potamides suprasulcatus Gabb 1873 horn snail | |
Turritella matarucana Hodson 1926 turret shell
Turritella cf. venezuelana Hodson 1926 turret shell
Turritella cocoditana Hodson 1926 turret shell | |
"Nerita (Nerita) fulgurans" = Nerita (Theliostyla) fulgurans Gmelin 1791 snail | |
Architectonica (Architectonica) nobilis karsteni Rutsch 1934 sundial | |
Cephalopoda | |
"Aturia curvilineata n. sp." = Aturia cubaensis6
"Aturia curvilineata n. sp." = Aturia cubaensis6 Lea 1841 |