Pyramid Hill Sand Member grit zone (Oligocene of the United States)

Also known as LACMVP Loc. 1603, 1626, 1627; UCMP Loc. V-7032

Where: Kern County, California (35.5° N, 118.8° W: paleocoordinates 35.2° N, 109.8° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Pyramid Hill Member (Jewett Formation), Chattian (28.1 - 23.0 Ma)

• grit zone; age assignments vary; age for this collection originally listed as Chattian after Scheirer and Magoon, 2007 and Barboza et al., 2017; but Aquitanian after discussion in Shimada et al. 2014

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; lithified, concretionary sandstone

• contains pebbles, rounded black chert grains, angular quartz clasts, and is referred to as the ""grit zone"" by some geologists

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: concretion, permineralized, original phosphate

Reposited in the LACM

Collection methods: surface (in situ), chemical, mechanical,

• Pyramid Hill Local Fauna

Primary reference: F. M. Anderson. 1911. The Neocene deposits of Kern River, California, and the Temblor Basin. Proceedings of the Califonia Academy of Sciences 3:73-148 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 11601: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 23.08.2001, edited by Patricia Holroyd and Austin Hendy

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Scaphopoda
  -
Scaphopoda indet. Bronn 1862 tusk shell
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium sp. Linnaeus 1758 tusk shell
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
"Epitonium cf. rugiferum" = Opalia (Opalia) rugiferum
"Epitonium cf. rugiferum" = Opalia (Opalia) rugiferum Dall 1909 wentletrap
 Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Crepidula princeps Conrad 1855 slipper shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae
"Agasoma kernianum" = Ficus (Trophosycon) kerniana
"Agasoma kernianum" = Ficus (Trophosycon) kerniana Cooper 1894 fig shell
 Neogastropoda - Siphonaliidae
"Agasoma gravidum" = Bruclarkia gravida
"Agasoma gravidum" = Bruclarkia gravida Gabb 1866 snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Chrysodomus sp. Swainson 1840 true whelk
misspelled as "Chrisodomus sp."
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus owenianus Anderson 1905 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
"Cancellaria andersoni" = Cancellaria oregonensis1
"Cancellaria andersoni" = Cancellaria oregonensis1 Conrad 1865 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Neverita callosa" = Glossaulax reclusiana, "Natica aff. lewisii" = Euspira lewisii
"Neverita callosa" = Glossaulax reclusiana Deshayes 1839 moon snail
"Natica aff. lewisii" = Euspira lewisii Gould 1847 moon snail
Bivalvia
  -
Bivalvia indet. Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Nuculanida - Sareptidae
"Yoldia aff. cooperii" = Yoldia (Portlandia) cooperii4
"Yoldia aff. cooperii" = Yoldia (Portlandia) cooperii4 Gabb 1865 clam
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Mytilus sp., "Mytilus mathewsoni" = Crenomytilus mathewsoni
Mytilus sp. Linnaeus 1758 mussel
"Mytilus mathewsoni" = Crenomytilus mathewsoni Gabb 1866 mussel
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
"Ostrea aff. titan" = Crassostrea titan
"Ostrea aff. titan" = Crassostrea titan Conrad 1853 oyster
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Ostrea eldridgei" = Crenostrea eldridgei
"Ostrea eldridgei" = Crenostrea eldridgei Arnold 1907 oyster
 Ostreida - Pinnidae
"Pinna alamedensis" = Atrina alamedensis
"Pinna alamedensis" = Atrina alamedensis Yates in Cooper 1888 oyster
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten magnolia" = Macrochlamis magnolia, "Pecten sespeensis" = Chlamys sespeensis, "Pecten nevadanus" = Vertipecten kernensis, "Pecten perrini" = Vertipecten perrini, "Pecten bowersi" = Vertipecten bowersi, "Pecten aff. estrellanus" = Nodipecten estrellanus, "Pecten andersoni" = Pacipecten andersoni
"Pecten magnolia" = Macrochlamis magnolia Conrad 1857 scallop
"Pecten sespeensis" = Chlamys sespeensis Arnold 1906 scallop
"Pecten nevadanus" = Vertipecten kernensis Hertlein 1925 scallop
misspelled as "Pecten nevadensis"
"Pecten perrini" = Vertipecten perrini Arnold 1906 scallop
"Pecten bowersi" = Vertipecten bowersi Arnold 1906 scallop
"Pecten aff. estrellanus" = Nodipecten estrellanus Conrad 1856 scallop
"Pecten andersoni" = Pacipecten andersoni Arnold 1906 scallop
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
"Pectunculus septentrionalis" = Glycymeris septentrionalis, "Pectunculus branneri" = Glycymeris (Glycymeris) branneri
"Pectunculus septentrionalis" = Glycymeris septentrionalis Middendorf 1849 clam
"Pectunculus branneri" = Glycymeris (Glycymeris) branneri Arnold 1908 clam
 Arcida - Arcidae
"Arca montereyana" = Anadara montereyana
"Arca montereyana" = Anadara montereyana Osmont 1904 ark
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
"Phacoides acutilineatus" = Lucinoma acutilineata
"Phacoides acutilineatus" = Lucinoma acutilineata Conrad 1849 clam
 Pholadomyida - Pholadomyidae
Homomya sp. Agassiz 1843 clam
 Cardiida - Mactridae
"Mactra cf. albaria" = Mactromeris albaria
"Mactra cf. albaria" = Mactromeris albaria Conrad 1848 clam
 Cardiida - Veneridae
Tivela inezana, "Venus pertenuis" = Clementia (Egesta) pertenuis, Dosinia conradi, "Dosinia whitneyi" = Dosinia (Dosinia) whitneyi, "Venus temblorensis" = Chione (Chionopsis) temblorensis, "Cytherea mathewsoni" = Amiantis mathewsoni
Tivela inezana Conrad 1856 venus clam
"Venus pertenuis" = Clementia (Egesta) pertenuis Gabb 1864 venus clam
Dosinia conradi Gabb 1866 venus clam
"Dosinia whitneyi" = Dosinia (Dosinia) whitneyi Gabb 1866 venus clam
"Venus temblorensis" = Chione (Chionopsis) temblorensis Anderson 1905 venus clam
"Cytherea mathewsoni" = Amiantis mathewsoni Gabb 1866 venus clam
 Cardiida - Corbiculidae
"Cyrena dumblei" = Polymesoda dumblei
"Cyrena dumblei" = Polymesoda dumblei Anderson 1905 clam
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium vaqueroense" = Dallocardia vaquerosense
"Cardium vaqueroense" = Dallocardia vaquerosense Arnold 1908 cockle
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
Tellina sp. Linnaeus 1758 tellin clam
"Tellina ocoyana" = Tellina (Olcesia) ocoyana Conrad 1855 tellin clam
 Solenida - Solenidae
Solen sp. Linnaeus 1758 clam
Mammalia
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Anchitherium sp.6 von Meyer 1844 anchitheriine horse
 Cetacea - Squalodontidae
Squalodontidae indet.6 Brandt 1873 toothed whale
 Cetacea -
"Acrodelphis bakersfieldensis" = Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis8, Argyrocetus joaquinensis3
"Acrodelphis bakersfieldensis" = Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis8 Wilson 1935 toothed whale
Argyrocetus joaquinensis3 Kellogg 1932 toothed whale
 Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae
aff. Desmathyus sp.6 Matthew 1907 peccary
 Carnivora - Pinnipedia
 Carnivora -
Pinnarctidion bishopi3 Barnes 1979 pinniped
Enaliarctos mealsi n. gen. n. sp.6 Mitchell and Tedford 1973 pinniped
 Carnivora - Enaliarctidae
Enaliarctidae indet.3 Tedford 1976 pinniped
Reptilia
 Testudines -
"Chelonia indet." = Testudines6
"Chelonia indet." = Testudines6 Batsch 1788 turtle
 Loricata -
Crocodylia indet.2 crocodilian
LACM 72262
Aves
 Suliformes - Plotopteridae
Plotopterum joaquinensis n. gen. n. sp.5
Plotopterum joaquinensis n. gen. n. sp.5 Howard 1969 bird
from LACM 1626
Actinopteri
 Gadiformes - Gadidae
Gadidae indet.6 Rafinesque 1810
 Gadiformes - Macrouridae
Macrouridae indet.6 Jordan and Evermann 1898 grenadiers
misspelled as "Macruridae"
 Acanthomorphata - Embiotocidae
 Pleuronectiformes - Bothidae
Bothidae indet.6 flatfish
 Pleuronectiformes - Pleuronectidae
 Acanthomorphata - Sciaenidae
Sciaenidae indet.6 Cuvier 1828
 Perciformes - Scorpaenidae
? Scorpaenidae indet.6 Risso 1827 perch-like fish
Chondrichthyes
 Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
 Heterodontiformes - Heterodontidae
Heterodontus sp.6 de Blainville 1816 bullhead shark
 Squatiniformes - Squatinidae
Squatina cf. lerichei6 Jordan and Beal 1910 angel shark
 Echinorhiniformes - Echinorhinidae
Echinorhinus blakei6 Agassiz 1856 shark
 Squaliformes - Squalidae
Squalus cf. serriculus6 Jordan and Hanibal 1923 dogfish shark
 Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae
 Hexanchiformes - Hexanchidae
Hexanchus aus6 sixgill shark
Hexanchus bus6 sixgill shark
 Pristiophoriformes - Pristiophoridae
Pristiophorus sp.6 Bleeker 1859 saw shark
misspelled as "Pristophorus"
 Lamniformes - Odontaspididae
Odontaspis ferox6 Risso 1826 sand tiger shark
 Lamniformes - Cetorhinidae
Cetorhinus sp.6 de Blainville 1816 basking shark
 Lamniformes - Megachasmidae
Megachasma applegatei n. sp.7 Shimada et al. 2014 mackerel shark
from LACM 1626
 Lamniformes - Lamnidae
Isurus benedini6 mackerel shark
Isurus aus6 mackerel shark
Isurus bus6 mackerel shark
"Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis6 Agassiz 1838 white shark
 Lamniformes - Otodontidae
"Carcharodon angustidens" = Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens6
"Carcharodon angustidens" = Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens6 Agassiz 1835 mackerel shark
 Lamniformes - Alopiidae
Alopias latidens6 Leriche 1909 thresher shark
Alopias cf. exigua6 Probst 1879 thresher shark
Alopias cf. vulpinus6 Bonnaterre 1788 thresher shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinus sp.6 de Blainville 1816 requiem shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae
Galeocerdo medius6 tiger shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Scyliorhinidae
"Cephaloscyllium sp." = Scyliorhinus6
"Cephaloscyllium sp." = Scyliorhinus6 Blainville 1816 cat shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Sphyrnidae
Sphyrna aus6 hammerhead shark
Sphyrna bus6 hammerhead shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae
Galeorhinus cf. latus6 school shark