Bushy Tailed Blowout (Cretaceous of the United States)

Also known as UCMP V-5711 (BTB locality)

Where: Niobrara County, Wyoming (43.2° N, 104.6° W: paleocoordinates 49.6° N, 79.4° W)

• coordinate based on unpublished field data

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Lance Formation, Lancian (70.6 - 66.0 Ma)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; lithified, sandy shale

• "a sandy shale"

Size class: mesofossils

Collected by W. A. Clemens in 1985; reposited in the UCMP

Primary reference: W. A. Clemens. 1964. Fossil mammals of the type Lance Formation, Wyoming. Part I. Introduction and Marsupialia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 48:1-105 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 14519: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 26.07.1994, edited by Matthew Carrano, Roger Benson, Mark Bell, Grace Varnham and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Gastropoda
 Heterostropha - Physidae
cf. Physa sp.8
cf. Physa sp.8 Draparnaud 1801 snail
 Architaenioglossa - Viviparidae
cf. Lioplacodes sp.8, cf. Viviparus sp.8
cf. Lioplacodes sp.8 Meek and Hayden 1864 snail
cf. Viviparus sp.8 Montfort 1810 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Hydrobiidae
Reesidella sp.8
Reesidella sp.8 Yen 1952 snail
Bivalvia
 Unionida - Unionidae
Unionidae indet.8
Unionidae indet.8 Rafinesque 1820 freshwater mussel
 Cardiida - Corbiculidae
? Corbiculidae indet.8
? Corbiculidae indet.8 Gray 1847 clam
Mammalia
 Theriamorpha - Pediomyidae
"Pediomys florencae" = Protolambda florencae5, "Pediomys hatcheri" = Protolambda hatcheri5, "Pediomys krejcii" = Leptalestes krejcii5, "Pediomys cooki n. sp." = Leptalestes cooki5, Pediomys elegans5
"Pediomys florencae" = Protolambda florencae5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
"Pediomys hatcheri" = Protolambda hatcheri5 Osborn 1898 metatherian
"Pediomys krejcii" = Leptalestes krejcii5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
this is NOT the type locality, see Clemens 1973
"Pediomys cooki n. sp." = Leptalestes cooki5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
Pediomys elegans5 Marsh 1889 metatherian
 Theriamorpha - Herpetotheriidae
"Nortedelphys intermedius" = Nortedelphys jasoni4
"Nortedelphys intermedius" = Nortedelphys jasoni4 Storer 1991 marsupial
 Theriamorpha - Stagodontidae
Didelphodon vorax5
Didelphodon vorax5 Marsh 1889 metatherian
 Polydolopimorphia - Glasbiidae
Glasbius intricatus n. sp.5
Glasbius intricatus n. sp.5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
 Theriamorpha - Alphadontidae
Alphadon marshi5, Turgidodon rhaister5
Alphadon marshi5 Simpson 1927 metatherian
includes A. marshi sensu stricto according to Clemens 1973; A. "wilsoni" present according to Lillegraven 1969
Turgidodon rhaister5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
 Theriamorpha -
Protalphadon lulli5
Protalphadon lulli5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
 Theriamorpha - Gypsonictopidae
Gypsonictops hypoconus6
Gypsonictops hypoconus6 Simpson 1927 eutherian
 Cimolesta - Cimolestidae
Cimolestes incisus6, Cimolestes stirtoni n. sp.6, Batodon tenuis6
Cimolestes incisus6 Marsh 1889 eutherian
Cimolestes stirtoni n. sp.6 Clemens 1973 eutherian
UCMP 48591 - type (left upper molar, probably M2)
Batodon tenuis6 Marsh 1892 eutherian
 Creodonta -
"Cimolestes magnus" = Altacreodus magnus6
"Cimolestes magnus" = Altacreodus magnus6 Clemens and Russell 1965 creodont
 Multituberculata -
Cimexomys minor6
Cimexomys minor6 Sloan and Van Valen 1965 multituberculate
one "Mesodma" M1 (perhaps M. "formosa") of Clemens 1964a
 Multituberculata - Neoplagiaulacidae
Mesodma hensleighi23, Mesodma formosa, Mesodma thompsoni
Mesodma hensleighi23 Lillegraven 1969 multituberculate
Mesodma formosa Marsh 1889 multituberculate
confirmed by Novacek and Clemens 1977
Mesodma thompsoni Clemens 1964 multituberculate
confirmed by Novacek and Clemens 1977
 Multituberculata - Cimolodontidae
Cimolodon nitidus
Cimolodon nitidus Marsh 1889 multituberculate
 Multituberculata - Cimolomyidae
Meniscoessus robustus, Cimolomys gracilis
Meniscoessus robustus Marsh 1889 multituberculate
Cimolomys gracilis Marsh 1889 multituberculate
Reptilia
 Squamata -
"? Sauriscus cooki" = Estescincosaurus cooki8
"? Sauriscus cooki" = Estescincosaurus cooki8 Estes 1964 squamates
"scincid-like parietals", UCMP
 Squamata - Chamopsiidae
Leptochamops denticulatus8, Chamops segnis8, Meniscognathus altmani8, Haptosphenus placodon8
Leptochamops denticulatus8 Gilmore 1928 squamates
UCMP 49825-49826, 49830, 49832
Chamops segnis8 Marsh 1892 squamates
UCMP 49811-49814, 54206; and specimen reported by Gao & Fox 1996; UALVP 29727, 29729, 29813 (maxillae), and 29814 (dentary)
Meniscognathus altmani8 Estes 1964 squamates
UCMP 49837, 49841, 54266; and specimens reported by Gao & Fox 1996; UALVP 29774, 29777, 29834 (dentaries), and 29832 (maxilla)
Haptosphenus placodon8 Estes 1964 squamates
UCMP 49844-49846, 54201, 54209
 Squamata -
Lonchisaurus trichurus n. gen. n. sp.22, Alethinophidia "Lance snake"22, Coniophis precedens21, Pariguana lancensis n. gen. n. sp.22
Lonchisaurus trichurus n. gen. n. sp.22 Longrich et al. 2012 squamates
Holotype AMNH 15446, dentary
Alethinophidia "Lance snake"22 snake
Fig. 1J: Lance alethinophidian vertebra
Coniophis precedens21 Marsh 1892 snake
AMNH  22846,  22850,  22851 (maxillae); AMNH 14598, 15621, 15622, 22840‐22845, 22847‐22849, 22940, 25220,  25261, 26817‐26819, 26821‐26824, 26827‐26834, 26999, 27000 (vertebrae) and UCMP  49859, 53930‐53934, 53936‐53944, 73044 (vertebrae)
Pariguana lancensis n. gen. n. sp.22 Longrich et al. 2012 squamates
Holotype AMNH 22208, dentary
 Squamata - Xenosauridae
Exostinus lancensis8
Exostinus lancensis8 Gilmore 1928 squamates
UCMP 49847-49850, 49864, 56093; plus specimens reported by Gao & Fox (1996), UALVP 29847 (parietal), 29849-29850 (maxilla), 29838 (dentary)
 Squamata -
Paraderma bogerti8
Paraderma bogerti8 Estes 1964 squamates
UCMP 54199, 54213
 Squamata - Anguidae
"Peltosaurus piger" = Odaxosaurus piger8
"Peltosaurus piger" = Odaxosaurus piger8 Gilmore 1928 squamates
UCMP 49761-49790, 49821, 54204, 54208
 Squamata -
Parasaniwa wyomingensis8, Litakis gilmorei8, Colpodontosaurus cracens12, Varanoidea indet.12
Parasaniwa wyomingensis8 Gilmore 1928 squamates
UCMP 49792, 49796, 49799, 54200; AMNH 8103; plus Gao & Fox (1996) specimens: UALVP 33351-33353 (maxilla), 33354 (frontal), 1612, 1616, 33355, 33356 (dentaries)
Litakis gilmorei8 Estes 1964 squamates
UCMP 49798
Colpodontosaurus cracens12 Estes 1964 squamates
UALVP 29781-29784 (dentaries)
Varanoidea indet.12 Gray 1827 squamates
caudal; UCMP unnumbered
 Testudinata -
Compsemys victa8
Compsemys victa8 Leidy 1856 turtle
including UCMP 173375 listed by Holroyd & Hutchison (2002)
 Testudinata - Baenidae
Eubaena cephalica8, cf. Baena sp.8
Eubaena cephalica8 Hay 1904 turtle
including UCMP 73030 listed by Holroyd & Hutchison (2002)
cf. Baena sp.8 Leidy 1870 turtle
 Testudines - Macrobaenidae
cf. Macrobaenidae sp.17
cf. Macrobaenidae sp.17 turtle
Voucher: UCMP 173415
 Testudines - Pantrionychidae
"Plastomeninae sp." = Plastomenidae17
"Plastomeninae sp." = Plastomenidae17 Hay 1902 turtle
Voucher: UCMP 173418
 Testudines - Chelydridae
Chelydridae sp.17
Chelydridae sp.17 Swainson 1839 turtle
Vouchers: UCMP 125773–775
 Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet.8, "Aspideretes beecheri" = Trionyx beecheri8
Trionychidae indet.8 Gray 1825 softshell turtle
costal, UCMP unnumbered; plus UCMP 173409 listed by Holroyd & Hutchison (2002)
"Aspideretes beecheri" = Trionyx beecheri8 Hay 1904 softshell turtle
 Testudines - Emydidae
Emydinae indet.8
Emydinae indet.8 Rafinesque 1815 turtle
"near Pseudemys?"
 Testudines -
"Emarginochelys sp." = Emarginachelys17
"Emarginochelys sp." = Emarginachelys17 Whetstone 1978 turtle
Vouchers: UCMP 125768–772
 Testudines - Adocidae
Adocus sp.17
Adocus sp.17 Cope 1868 turtle
Voucher: UCMP 173412
 Testudines - Kinosternoidae
Kinosternoidae sp.17
Kinosternoidae sp.17 Holroyd and Hutchison 2002 turtle
Voucher: UCMP 173416
 Testudines - Nanhsiungchelyidae
Basilemys sp.8
Basilemys sp.8 Hay 1902 turtle
 Loricata -
"Leidyosuchus sternbergi" = Borealosuchus sternbergii8
"Leidyosuchus sternbergi" = Borealosuchus sternbergii8 Gilmore 1910 crocodilian
 Crocodylia - Alligatoridae
Brachychampsa montana8
Brachychampsa montana8 Gilmore 1911 crocodilian
 Ornithischia - Ceratopsidae
Ceratopsidae indet.3
Ceratopsidae indet.3 Marsh 1888 ceratopsid
 Ornithischia -
Thescelosaurus sp.3
Thescelosaurus sp.3 Gilmore 1913 ornithopod
 Ornithischia - Hadrosauridae
Hadrosauridae indet.3
Hadrosauridae indet.3 Cope 1869 hadrosaurid
 Theropoda -
Theropoda indet.3, ? Theropoda indet.8, Paronychodon lacustris8
Theropoda indet.3 theropod
UCM 39503
? Theropoda indet.8 theropod
"straight-sided teeth"
Paronychodon lacustris8 Cope 1876 maniraptoran
 Theropoda - Troodontidae
"Saurornithoides inequalis" = Stenonychosaurus inequalis3, Pectinodon bakkeri n. gen. n. sp.3
"Saurornithoides inequalis" = Stenonychosaurus inequalis3 Sternberg 1932 maniraptoran
UCM 41666, 43218
Pectinodon bakkeri n. gen. n. sp.3 Carpenter 1982 maniraptoran
UCM 38445-38446; AMNH 27117-8, 21874
 Theropoda - Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae indet.3, Richardoestesia sp.20, Dromaeosaurinae sp.20
Dromaeosauridae indet.3 Colbert and Russell 1969 maniraptoran
UCM 39502; AMNH uncat. (n. gen. n. sp.)
Richardoestesia sp.20 Currie et al. 1990 maniraptoran
Dromaeosaurinae sp.20 Matthew and Brown 1922 maniraptoran
Aves
 Charadriiformes -
Charadriiformes "indet. sp. 1"19, Graculavus augustus n. sp.18
Charadriiformes "indet. sp. 1"19 Huxley 1867 shorebird
AMNH 13011
Graculavus augustus n. sp.18 Hope 1999 shorebird
AMNH 25223
 Charadriiformes - Cimolopterygidae
Cimolopteryx maxima n. sp.2, "Cimolopteryx petra n. sp." = Lamarqueavis petra19
Cimolopteryx maxima n. sp.2 Brodkorb 1963 shorebird
UCMP 53973, 53957
"Cimolopteryx petra n. sp." = Lamarqueavis petra19 Hope 2002 shorebird
AMNH 21911
 Neornithes -
Neornithes "indet. sp. 6"19
Neornithes "indet. sp. 6"19 bird
AMNH 25221
 Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae "indet. sp. 2"19
Phalacrocoracidae "indet. sp. 2"19 Reichenbach 1850 cormorant
AMNH 25272
 Anseriformes - Presbyornithidae
Presbyornithidae "indet. sp. 4"19, Presbyornithidae "indet. sp. 3"19, Presbyornithidae "indet. sp. 2"19
Presbyornithidae "indet. sp. 4"19 Wetmore 1926 waterfowl
AMNH 22603
Presbyornithidae "indet. sp. 3"19 Wetmore 1926 waterfowl
AMNH 21929
Presbyornithidae "indet. sp. 2"19 Wetmore 1926 waterfowl
AMNH 22602
 Neornithes -
Lonchodytes pterygius7
Lonchodytes pterygius7 Brodkorb 1963 bird
Reptilia
 Theropoda - Tyrannosauridae
Aublysodon mirandus3
Aublysodon mirandus3 Leidy 1868 tyrannosaurid
 Pterosauria -
? Pterosauria indet.8
 Choristodera -
Champsosaurus sp.7
Champsosaurus sp.7 Cope 1876 choristodere
Amphibia
 Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae
Albanerpetontidae indet.13, Albanerpeton nexuosus13
Albanerpetontidae indet.13 Fox and Naylor 1982 tetrapod
AMNH 22952-22954,
Albanerpeton nexuosus13 Estes 1981 tetrapod
AMNH 15259, 22950, 22952, 22955, 22959, 27177
 Salientia - Discoglossidae
cf. Discoglossidae indet.10
cf. Discoglossidae indet.10 Günther 1859 painted frog
UCMP 55706
 Salientia - Pelobatidae
cf. Eopelobates sp.14
cf. Eopelobates sp.14 Parker 1929 spadefoot toad
 Salientia -
Neobatrachia indet.8, Paradiscoglossus americanus n. gen. n. sp.10, Theatonius lancensis n. gen. n. sp.11
Neobatrachia indet.8 frog
ilium
Paradiscoglossus americanus n. gen. n. sp.10 Estes and Sanchíz 1982 frog
UCMP 125827-125829
Theatonius lancensis n. gen. n. sp.11 Fox 1976 frog
UALVP 12073-80, 40162
 Salientia - Palaeobatrachidae
Palaeobatrachus occidentalis10
Palaeobatrachus occidentalis10 Estes and Sanchíz 1982 frog
UCMP 55705
 Proteida - Batrachosauroididae
Batrachosauroididae indet.16, Opisthotriton kayi8, "Prodesmodon copei" = Prodesmodon copei8, "Cuttysarkus mcnallyi" = Prodesmodon copei8
Batrachosauroididae indet.16 Auffenberg 1958 salamander
AMNH FARB 22965 (incomplete left dentary) - probable new genus and species,
Opisthotriton kayi8 Auffenberg 1961 salamander
UCMP unnumbered
"Prodesmodon copei" = Prodesmodon copei8 Estes 1964 salamander
UCMP unnumbered
"Cuttysarkus mcnallyi" = Prodesmodon copei8 Estes 1964 salamander
UCMP 54258
 Caudata - Urodela
Scapherpeton tectum8, Lisserpeton bairdi9, Piceoerpeton naylori15, Habrosaurus dilatus8
Scapherpeton tectum8 Cope 1876 salamander
500+ specimens, unnumbered UCMP
Lisserpeton bairdi9 Estes 1965 salamander
Piceoerpeton naylori15 Gardner 2012 salamander
atlas
Habrosaurus dilatus8 Gilmore 1928 siren
UCMP unnumbered
Actinopteri
 Amiiformes - Amiidae
"Kindleia fragosa" = Cyclurus fragosus8, Melvius thomasi7, cf. Protamia sp.8
"Kindleia fragosa" = Cyclurus fragosus8 Jordan 1927 bowfin
UCMP 54045-54048, 54062, 54073-54074, 54082, 54088, 54092-54093, 54104-54105, 54178-54180, 54188, 54196-54198, 54260, 54262, 56019; + 3 + many unnumbered specimens
Melvius thomasi7 Bryant 1987 bowfin
cf. Protamia sp.8 Leidy 1873 bowfin
UCMP 56276
 Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus occidentalis8
Lepisosteus occidentalis8 Leidy 1856 gar
 Teleostei -
Teleostei "indet. U-4"1
Teleostei "indet. U-4"1
UALVP 58847, abdominal centra
 Albuliformes - Albulidae
Albulidae indet.8, Coriops sp.1
Albulidae indet.8 Bleeker 1859 bonefish
fragments
Coriops sp.1 Estes 1969 bonefish
UALVP 58853, basibranchial element of small size
 Teleostei -
Elopiformes indet.1
Elopiformes indet.1 Sauvage 1875
UALVP 58837, one complete and one partial centrum
 Elopiformes -
Ostariostoma sp.1
Ostariostoma sp.1 Schaeffer 1949
UALVP 56053, four dentaries represented by their anterior end and one complete dentary
 Elopiformes - Elopidae
Elopidae indet.8
Elopidae indet.8 Bonaparte 1846
UCMP 55816-55817
 Elopiformes - Phyllodontidae
Phyllodontidae indet.1
Phyllodontidae indet.1 Sauvage 1875
UALVP58837
 Teleostei -
Osteoglossomorpha indet.1
Osteoglossomorpha indet.1 Greenwood et al. 1966
= Coriops/Lopadichthys; UALVP 58845, centra of large size; UALVP 58846, centra of small size
 Osteoglossiformes -
Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis1, aff. Lopadichthys sp.1
Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis1 Murray et al. 2016
UALVP 56054, centra type BvE
aff. Lopadichthys sp.1 Murray et al. 2018
UALVP 56055, dentary
 Hiodontiformes - Hiodontidae
Hiodontidae "indet. small morph"1
 Teleostei -
Gonorhynchiformes "indet. H"1
Gonorhynchiformes "indet. H"1
UALVP 58842, eight abdominal centra (centrum type HvA)
 Ostariophysi -
"Otophysi "indet. U-3/BvD"" = Otophysa1
"Otophysi "indet. U-3/BvD"" = Otophysa1
UALVP 58839, seven anterior Weberian centra (centrum type U3); UALVP 58840, two possible fourth Weberian centra; UALVP 58838, two abdominal centra (centrum type BvD)
 Acanthomorphata -
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-1"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-2"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-3"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-4"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-6"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-5"" = Acanthomorphata1
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-1"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58830, three first abdominal centra; UALVP 58876, 18 abdominal centra
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-2"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58832, six first abdominal centra; UALVP 58831, 14 abdominal centra
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-3"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58833, seven first abdominal centra
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-4"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58836, one first abdominal centrum; UALVP 58834, seven abdominal centra
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-6"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58847, one abdominal centrum
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-5"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58829, first abdominal centrum
 Teleostei -
Percopsiformes indet.1
Percopsiformes indet.1 Berg 1940
UALVP 59912, dentary
 Acanthomorphata - Sciaenidae
Platacodon nanus8
Platacodon nanus8 Marsh 1889
dentaries; UALVP 58851, pharyngeal tooth plate.
 Esociformes - Esocidae
Estesesox sp.1
Estesesox sp.1 Wilson et al. 1992
UALVP 58852, dentary; UALVP 58854, palatine; UALVP 58844, centrum type NvC
 Teleostei -
Euteleostei "indet. RvB"1
Euteleostei "indet. RvB"1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58848, one abdominal centrum
 Aspidorhynchiformes - Aspidorhynchidae
Belonostomus longirostris8
Belonostomus longirostris8 Lambe 1902
UCP 54000, multiple fragments
Osteichthyes
 Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae
Acipenser eruciferus8
Acipenser eruciferus8 Cope 1876 sturgeon
UCMP unnumbered
Chondrichthyes
 Rajiformes - Sclerorhynchidae
Ischyrhiza avonicola8
Ischyrhiza avonicola8 Estes 1964 ray
UCMP unnumbered
 Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae
Myledaphus bipartitus8
Myledaphus bipartitus8 Cope 1876 guitarfish
 Hybodontiformes - Lonchidiidae
Lonchidion selachos8
Lonchidion selachos8 Estes 1964 elasmobranch
UCMP 53905-53906
1Brinkman et al. 2021; 2Brodkorb 1963; 3Carpenter 1982; 4Case et al. 2004; 5Clemens 1966; 6Clemens 1973; 7Database 2005; 8Estes 1964; 9Estes 1965; 10Estes and Sanchíz 1982; 11Fox 1976; 12Gao and Fox 1996; 13Gardner 2000; 14Gardner 2008; 15Gardner 2012; 16Gardner 2022; 17Holroyd and Hutchison 2002; 18Hope 1999; 19Hope 2002; 20Longrich 2008; 21Longrich et al. 2012; 22Longrich et al. 2012; 23Novacek and Clemens 1977