PBDB Collection

Bitter Creek (Eocene of the United States)

Also known as Zonule 2; Black Buttes

Where: Sweetwater County, Wyoming (41.7° N, 109.0° W: paleocoordinates 46.6° N, 92.6° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

When: Main Body Member (Wasatch Formation), Wasatchian (55.8 - 50.3 Ma)

Environment/lithology: terrestrial

Primary reference: C. L. Gazin. 1965. Early Eocene mammalian faunas and their environment in the vicinity of the Rock Springs Uplift, Wyoming. Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook 19:171-180 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]more details

PaleoDB collection 15455: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Arapahovius Paleofaunule includes a locality at the top of the Bitter Creek local section (Turtle Graveyard); however, this is 233.9' above Zonule 2, and Gazin's material was said to be from the "lowest part of the Eocene sequence"; Zonule 2 list of Savage et al. 1972 therefore is incorporated into Gazin's list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Mammalia
Theriamorpha - Marsupialia	Marsupialia indet. Marsupialia indet. marsupial "Peratherium": Savage et al. 1972
Theriamorpha - Leptictidae	Prodiacodon cf. tauricinerei¹ Prodiacodon cf. tauricinerei¹ Jepsen 1930 eutherian
Cimolesta - Apatemyidae	Apatemys sp.⁵ Apatemys sp.⁵ Marsh 1872 eutherian
Cimolesta - Coryphodontidae	Coryphodon radians Coryphodon radians Cope 1872 pantodont probably includes "Coryphodon" of Savage et al. 1972
Cimolesta - Pentacodontidae	Amaramnis gregoryi n. sp. Amaramnis gregoryi n. sp. Gazin 1962 eutherian see Gazin 1962: Amaramnis also listed by Savage et al. 1972
Condylarthra - Hyopsodontidae	Hyopsodus sp.¹, Hyopsodus loomisi Hyopsodus sp.¹ Leidy 1870 condylarth Hyopsodus loomisi McKenna 1960 condylarth probably includes "Hyopsodus" of Savage et al. 1972
Macroscelidea - Apheliscidae	Haplomylus speirianus Haplomylus speirianus Cope 1880 elephant shrew probably includes "Haplomylus" of Savage et al. 1972
Acreodi - Mesonychidae	Pachyaena ossifraga Pachyaena ossifraga Cope 1874 condylarth
Theriamorpha - Phenacodontidae	Meniscotherium cf. tapiacitum¹, Phenacodus sp.¹ Meniscotherium cf. tapiacitum¹ Cope 1882 condylarth Phenacodus sp.¹ Cope 1873 condylarth
Perissodactyla - Palaeotheriidae	Hyracotherium sp. Hyracotherium sp. Owen 1841 odd-toed ungulate large Hyracotherium sp. Gingerich 1991b: "Homogalax primaevus"; presumably includes "Homogalax" of Savage et al. 1972
Perissodactyla - Equidae	"Hyracotherium pernix n. sp." = Arenahippus pernix³ "Hyracotherium pernix n. sp." = Arenahippus pernix³ Marsh 1876 horse Gazin's "H. cf. angustidens"; Hyracotherium listed by Savage et al. 1972
Procreodi - Arctocyonidae	Chriacus sp.⁵ Chriacus sp.⁵ Cope 1883 condylarth
Artiodactyla - Diacodexeidae	Diacodexis sp.¹ Diacodexis sp.¹ Cope 1882 even-toed ungulate
Theriamorpha - Viverravidae	Viverravus cf. acutus, Didymictis sp.¹ Viverravus cf. acutus Matthew and Granger 1915 placental Didymictis sp.¹ Cope 1875 placental
Theriamorpha -	cf. Vulpavus sp. cf. Vulpavus sp. Marsh 1871 placental probably includes "Miacidae" of Savage et al. 1972
Creodonta - Oxyaenidae	Oxyaena lupina⁴ Oxyaena lupina⁴ Cope 1874 creodont
Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae	Prototomus cf. secundarius¹ Prototomus cf. secundarius¹ Cope 1875 creodont
Theriamorpha - Nyctitheriidae	Nyctitheriidae indet.⁵ Nyctitheriidae indet.⁵ Simpson 1928 placental
Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae	Adapisoricinae indet.⁵ Adapisoricinae indet.⁵ Schlosser 1887 hedgehog
Theriamorpha - Pantolestoidae	Palaeosinopa incerta² Palaeosinopa incerta² Bown and Schankler 1982 placental
Rodentia - Ischyromyidae	Paramys excavatus Paramys excavatus Loomis 1907 rodent "Rodentia" listed by Savage et al. 1972
Primates - Paromomyidae	Phenacolemurinae indet.¹ Phenacolemurinae indet.¹ Simpson 1955 primate
Primates - Omomyidae	Tetonoides pearcei n. gen. n. sp., Omomys sp. Tetonoides pearcei n. gen. n. sp. Gazin 1962 tarsier type is from "Lowest beds of Knight member... 1 1/4 miles south of Bitter Creek Station" (Gazin 1962); ref 6294: probably includes "Tetonoides" of Savage et al. 1972 Omomys sp. Leidy 1869 tarsier
Primates - Notharctidae	Cantius frugivorus¹, "Pelycodus praetutus n. sp." = Copelemur praetutus Cantius frugivorus¹ Cope 1875 primate "Pelycodus praetutus n. sp." = Copelemur praetutus Gazin 1962 primate ref 6294: may include "Pelycodus" of Savage et al. 1972
Primates - Microsyopidae	"Cynodontomys angustidens" = Microsyops angustidens "Cynodontomys angustidens" = Microsyops angustidens Matthew 1915 primate ref 6294: probably includes "Microsyops" and "Uintasoricinae" of Savage et al. 1972
Multituberculata - Neoplagiaulacidae	cf. Parectypodus sp.⁵ cf. Parectypodus sp.⁵ Jepsen 1930 multituberculate

¹Alroy 2002; ²Bown and Schankler 1982; ³Gingerich 1991; ⁴Gunnell 1998; ⁵Savage et al. 1972