Azmaka 2 (Miocene of Bulgaria)

Also known as AZM 2

Where: Bulgaria (42.2° N, 25.3° E: paleocoordinates 42.0° N, 25.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

When: Turolian (8.7 - 5.3 Ma)

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; sandstone

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: N. Spassov, D. Geraads, L. Hristova, G. N. Markov, G. Merceron, T. Tzankov, K. Stoyanov, M. Bohme, and A. Dimitrova. 2012. A hominid tooth from Bulgaria: The last pre-human hominid of continental Europe. Journal of Human Evolution 62(1):138-145 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 208567: authorized by Evangelos Vlachos, entered by Evangelos Vlachos on 03.04.2020

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Cremohipparion cf. mediterraneum, Cremohipparion cf. matthewi
Reptilia
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudo cf. marmorum
Testudo cf. marmorum Gaudry 1862 turtle
Mammalia
 Artiodactyla - Tragulidae
Dorcatherium sp.
Dorcatherium sp. Kaup 1839 chevrotain
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
cf. Pliocervus sp.
cf. Pliocervus sp. Hilzheimer 1922 deer
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Helladotherium sp., Bohlinia attica
Helladotherium sp. Gaudry 1860 giraffe
Bohlinia attica Lydekker 1886 giraffe
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Prostrepsiceros zitteli, Prostrepsiceros sp., Protragelaphus cf. skouzesi, Tragoportax sp., ? Miotragocerus gaudryi, Gazella sp., cf. Protoryx sp.
Prostrepsiceros sp. Forsyth Major 1891 antelope
Tragoportax sp. Pilgrim 1937 antelope
Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816 gazelle
cf. Protoryx sp. Forsyth Major 1891 antelope
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Microstonyx cf. major
Microstonyx cf. major Gervais 1848 pig
 Perissodactyla - Chalicotheriidae
cf. Anisodon sp.
cf. Anisodon sp. Lartet 1851 chalicothere
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
cf. Ceratotherium sp., Acerorhinus sp.
cf. Ceratotherium sp. Gray 1868 white rhino
Acerorhinus sp. Kretzoi 1942 rhinoceros
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Hippotherium cf. brachypus
Hippotherium cf. brachypus hipparionine horse
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Ictitherium sp., Adcrocuta eximia
Ictitherium sp. Wagner 1848 hyaena
Adcrocuta eximia Roth and Wagner 1854 hyaena
 Carnivora - Felidae
Machairodus sp.
Machairodus sp. Kaup 1833 cat
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustelidae indet.
Mustelidae indet. Fischer 1817 mustelid carnivore
 Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae
"Deinotherium gigantissimum" = Deinotherium giganteum
"Deinotherium gigantissimum" = Deinotherium giganteum Kaup 1829 deinothere
 Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Tetralophodon atticus, Anancus sp.
Anancus sp. Aymard 1855 gomphothere
 Proboscidea - Choerolophodontidae
Choerolophodon pentelici
Choerolophodon pentelici Gaudry and Lartet 1856 proboscidean
 Placentalia -
Hyracoidea indet.
Hyracoidea indet. Huxley 1869 hyrax