PBDB Collection

Sterkfontein - Member 4 (Pliocene to of South Africa)

Also known as ETE Locality 609, Lower Breccia, Sterkfontein - Member 4,

Where: South Africa (26.0° S, 27.7° E: paleocoordinates 26.3° S, 27.4° E)

• basin-level geographic resolution

When: 14 Member (Sterkfontein Formation), Pliocene to Pliocene (5.3 - 0.8 Ma)

• ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: based on two samples of bovid teeth radiometric intage_min

Environment/lithology: cave

• ETE sed env 1: trap, ETE sed env 2: cave ETE event: ., ETE env comment: karstic sol. of dolomite,periodic floods from surf

• ETE rock type adj: breccia, ETE lithology comments: Bed A=dolomite/chert,Bed B+C=red brown calcified clastics, Bed D=banded calcite, fine lenses=sheetflood deposits

Collection methods: quarrying

• ETE Size: both; ETE reference list: 415, 414, 412, 411, 409, 123, 121, 104, ; ETE museum list: TM

Primary reference: T. C. Partridge. 1978. Re-appraisal of lithostratigraphy of Sterkfontein hominid site. Nature 275:282-287 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]more details

PaleoDB collection 21791: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 13.10.1995, edited by John Damuth, Avelino Perry and Hannah O'Regan

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Mammalia
-	Mammalia indet., Mammalia indet. Mammalia indet. Linnaeus 1758 mammal ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Mammalia Mammalia indet. Linnaeus 1758 mammal ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Carnivora
Primates - Hominidae	Australopithecus indet.¹, Australopithecus africanus Australopithecus indet.¹ Dart 1925 australopithecine Australopithecus africanus Dart 1925 australopithecine
Primates - Cercopithecidae	Cercopithecidae indet., Parapapio sp., Parapapio jonesi, Parapapio whitei, Parapapio broomi, Papio izodi, Cercopithecoides williamsi Cercopithecidae indet. Gray 1821 monkey ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Cercopithecidae Parapapio sp. Jones 1937 monkey Parapapio jonesi Broom 1940 monkey Parapapio whitei Broom 1940 monkey Parapapio broomi Jones 1937 monkey Papio izodi Gear 1926 baboon Cercopithecoides williamsi Mollet 1947 monkey
Rodentia - Hystricidae	Hystrix africaeaustralis Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters 1852 Cape porcupine
Carnivora - Canidae	"Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas, Canis brevirostris "Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 black-backed jackal Canis brevirostris canine
Carnivora - Felidae	Felidae indet., Megantereon gracile, Dinofelis barlowi, Homotherium crenatidens, Panthera pardus, Panthera leo Felidae indet. Gray 1821 cat ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Felidae Megantereon gracile cat Dinofelis barlowi Broom 1937 cat Homotherium crenatidens Fabrini 1890 cat Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758 leopard Panthera leo Linnaeus 1758 lion
Carnivora - Hyaenidae	Hyaenidae indet., Hyaena hyaena, Crocuta cf. spelaea, Crocuta crocuta, Pachycrocuta brevirostris, Chasmaporthetes silberbergi, Chasmaporthetes silberbergi², Chasmaporthetes nitidula Hyaenidae indet. Gray 1821 hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus 1758 striped hyaena Crocuta cf. spelaea spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta Erxleben 1777 spotted hyaena Pachycrocuta brevirostris Gervais 1850 brown hyaena Chasmaporthetes silberbergi hyaena Chasmaporthetes silberbergi² hyaena Chasmaporthetes nitidula Ewer 1955 hyaena
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Equus sp., Equus capensis Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758 horse Equus capensis Broom 1909 horse
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Damaliscus sp., Damaliscus sp., Damaliscus sp., Connochaetes sp., cf. Megalotragus sp., Redunca cf. arundinum, Hippotragini indet., Hippotragus cf. equinus, Makapania cf. broomi, Syncerus sp., "Tragelaphus cf. angasi" = Tragelaphus angasii, Gazella sp., "Antidorcas cf. bondi" = Gazella bondi Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: antelope size I Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: antelope size II Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: antelope size III Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: antelope size IV Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: sp.1-Sterkfontein Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: 142-Sterkfontein Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: 141-Sterkfontein Connochaetes sp. Lichtenstein 1812 wildebeest cf. Megalotragus sp. van Hoepen 1932 antelope Redunca cf. arundinum Boddaert 1785 southern reedbuck Hippotragini indet. Sundevall 1845 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hippotragini Hippotragus cf. equinus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803 roan antelope Makapania cf. broomi Wells and Cooke 1956 antelope Syncerus sp. Hodgson 1847 African buffalo "Tragelaphus cf. angasi" = Tragelaphus angasii Gray 1849 nyala Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816 gazelle "Antidorcas cf. bondi" = Gazella bondi Cooke and Wells 1951 gazelle
Artiodactyla - Suidae	Metridiochoerus sp. Metridiochoerus sp. Hopwood 1926 pig
Hyracoidea - Procaviidae	Procavia antiqua, Procavia transvaalensis Procavia antiqua Broom 1934 Cape hyrax Procavia transvaalensis Shaw 1937 Cape hyrax
Proboscidea - Elephantidae	"Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki "Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki Dietrich 1915 elephant
Adenota
-	"Antidorcas cf. recki" = Adenota recki "Antidorcas cf. recki" = Adenota recki Schwartz 1932

¹Clarke and Kuman 2019; ²McKenna and Bell 1997