Swartkrans - Member 1 (Pleistocene of South Africa)
Also known as ETE Locality 642, Orange Breccia, Pink Breccia
Where: South Africa (26.0° S, 27.7° E: paleocoordinates 26.2° S, 27.5° E)
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: 11 Member (Swartkrans Formation), Early/Lower Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.8 Ma)
• ETE dating method: composite, ETE age comment: age=Pleistocene=approx. 1.7 my based on hominid and faunal evidence
Environment/lithology: wet floodplain; breccia
• ETE sed env 1: ., ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: repeated mudfl. resulting from soil run off
• ETE rock type adj: breccia, ETE lithology comments: Matrix is secondary calcified reddish brown sandy silt, flowstone interlaminations , lenticular beds, travertine, brecc.
Collection methods: bulk, quarrying, surface (float)
• ETE Size: both; ETE reference list: 478, ; ETE museum list: TM
Primary reference: C. K. Brain. 1994. The Swartkrans Palaeontological Research Project in perspective: results and conclusions. South African Journal of Science 90:220-223 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]more details
Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis
PaleoDB collection 21824: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 17.10.1995, edited by John Damuth, Richard Potts and Hannah O'Regan
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Show authors, comments, and common names
| unclassified | |
|
| |
| Mammalia | |
|
| |
|
"Australopithecus robustus" = Paranthropus robustus Broom 1938 australopithecine
Homo sp. Linnaeus 1758 human | |
Cercopithecidae indet., Cercopithecidae indet., Theropithecus oswaldi, Parapapio jonesi, Papio robinsoni, Papio (Dinopithecus) ingens, cf. Cercopithecoides sp.
Cercopithecidae indet. Gray 1821 monkey ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Cercopithecidae
Parapapio jonesi Broom 1940 monkey
Papio robinsoni Freedman 1957 baboon
Papio (Dinopithecus) ingens Broom 1937 monkey
cf. Cercopithecoides sp. Mollett 1947 monkey | |
|
| |
Otomys gracilis, Dasymys cf. bolti, Lemniscomys sp., Tatera sp., Tatera robinsoni, Mus cf. minutoides, Mus cf. triton, Steatomys cf. pratensis
Dasymys cf. bolti mouse
Lemniscomys sp. Trouessart 1881 striped grass mouse ETE minimum number of individuals; species: sp.nov.-Swartkrans
Tatera sp. Lataste 1882 large naked-soled gerbil
Tatera robinsoni large naked-soled gerbil ETE minimum number of individuals; species: sp.nov.-Swartkrans
Mus cf. minutoides house mouse
Mus cf. triton house mouse
Steatomys cf. pratensis Peters 1846 fat mouse | |
|
Cricetidae indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1817 mouse ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Rodenta/Myomorpha
| |
|
Pedetes sp. Illiger 1811 springhaas | |
|
cf. Palaeomys gracilis beaver | |
|
Hystrix cf. makapanensis porcupine
Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters 1852 Cape porcupine | |
|
Cryptomys robertsi mole rat
Cryptomys sp. Gray 1964 mole rat | |
Canidae indet., Vulpes pulcher, "Canis cf. mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas, "Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas
Canidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 canid ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: canidae
Vulpes pulcher fox
"Canis cf. mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 black-backed jackal
"Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 black-backed jackal ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: pappos
| |
|
Aonyx capensis Schinz 1821 African clawless otter | |
Megantereon sp., Dinofelis sp., "Felis caracal" = Caracal caracal, "Felis serval" = Caracal serval, Panthera pardus, Panthera leo
Megantereon sp. Croizet and Jobert 1828 cat
Dinofelis sp. Zdansky 1924 cat
"Felis caracal" = Caracal caracal Schreber 1776 caracal
"Felis serval" = Caracal serval Schreber 1776 serval
Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758 leopard
Panthera leo Linnaeus 1758 lion | |
|
Herpestes ichneumon Linnaeus 1758 Egyptian mongoose | |
Hyaenidae indet., Parahyaena brunnea2, Parahyaena brunnea2, Crocuta crocuta, Crocuta crocuta, Hyaenictis forfex, Proteles sp., Proteles transvaalensis, Chasmaporthetes nitidula, Chasmaporthetes nitidula1, Chasmaporthetes nitidula1, Chasmaporthetes nitidula1
Parahyaena brunnea2 Thunberg 1820 brown hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: dispar
Crocuta crocuta Erxleben 1777 spotted hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: venustula
Hyaenictis forfex hyaena
Proteles sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1824 hyaena
Proteles transvaalensis Hendey 1974 hyaena
Chasmaporthetes nitidula Ewer 1955 hyaena
Chasmaporthetes nitidula1 Ewer 1955 hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: A-Swartkrans(prim)
Chasmaporthetes nitidula1 Ewer 1955 hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: B-Swartkrans(Adv)
Chasmaporthetes nitidula1 Ewer 1955 hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: uncertain_Swartkrans
| |
|
| |
Equidae indet., "Hipparion libycum" = Eurygnathohippus libycum, "Hipparion libycum" = Eurygnathohippus libycum, Equus capensis
"Hipparion libycum" = Eurygnathohippus libycum Pomel 1897 hipparionine horse
"Hipparion libycum" = Eurygnathohippus libycum Pomel 1897 hipparionine horse ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: steytlieri
Equus capensis Broom 1909 horse | |
|
Hippopotamus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hippo | |
Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Oreotragus cf. major, Oreotragus oreotragus, Raphicerus campestris, Damaliscus sp., Damaliscus sp., Beatragus sp., "Rabaticeras porrocornutus" = Numidocapra, Connochaetes sp., cf. Connochaetes sp., cf. Megalotragus sp., Pelea cf. capreolus, Antidorcas sp., "Antidorcas australis" = Antidorcas marsupialis australis, Redunca cf. arundinum, Hippotragini indet., cf. Makapania sp., Syncerus sp., Tragelaphus cf. strepsiceros, cf. Gazella sp.
Oreotragus cf. major klipspringer
Oreotragus oreotragus Zimmermann 1783 klipspringer
Raphicerus campestris Thunberg 1811 steenbok
Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894 antelope
Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: 121-Swartkrans
"Rabaticeras porrocornutus" = Numidocapra antelope
Connochaetes sp. Lichtenstein 1812 wildebeest
cf. Connochaetes sp. Lichtenstein 1812 wildebeest
cf. Megalotragus sp. van Hoepen 1932 antelope
Pelea cf. capreolus Forster 1790 grey rhebok
Antidorcas sp. Sundevall 1847 springbok
"Antidorcas australis" = Antidorcas marsupialis australis Hendey and Hendey 1968 springbok ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: or marsupialis
Redunca cf. arundinum Boddaert 1785 southern reedbuck
Hippotragini indet. Sundevall 1845 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hippotragini
cf. Makapania sp. Wells and Cooke 1957 antelope
Syncerus sp. Hodgson 1847 African buffalo
Tragelaphus cf. strepsiceros Pallas 1766 greater kudu
cf. Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816 gazelle | |
Suidae indet., Phacochoerus sp., "cf. Tapinochoerus meadowsi" = Metridiochoerus, Metridiochoerus andrewsi
Phacochoerus sp. Cuvier 1826 warthog
"cf. Tapinochoerus meadowsi" = Metridiochoerus pig
Metridiochoerus andrewsi Hopwood 1926 pig | |
|
| |
|
Procavia antiqua Broom 1934 Cape hyrax
Procavia transvaalensis Shaw 1937 Cape hyrax | |
|
Orycteropus afer Pallas 1766 aardvark | |
|
| |
|
Elephantulus sp. Thomas and Schwann 1906 elephant shrew
Elephantulus cf. brachyrhynchus Smith 1834 Short-snouted elephant shrew ETE minimum number of individuals; species: mak - subgenus name taken from unique name field
| |
|
cf. Elephas sp. Linnaeus 1758 elephant | |
| Reptilia | |
|
| |
| Aves | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Amphibia | |
|
| |
| Gastropoda | |
|
cf. Achatina sp. Lamarck 1799 slug ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name, species name "Achatidae" pulled in favor of sp.
| |
| Adenota | |
"Antidorcas cf. recki" = Adenota recki
"Antidorcas cf. recki" = Adenota recki Schwartz 1932 | |