Die Kelders (Pleistocene to of South Africa)

Also known as ETE Locality 771, Die Kelders

Where: South Africa (34.5° S, 19.4° E: paleocoordinates 34.6° S, 19.3° E)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Pleistocene to Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.0 Ma)

• ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: max age at least 40000 years, 40000 year based on fauna, artifacts and sediments, C14 on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min

Environment/lithology: cave; sandstone

• ETE sed env 1: karst, ETE sed env 2: cave ETE event: ., ETE env comment: coastal cave; formed by wave action and seepage
• ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: limestone cave with quartzite deposits; between Table Mountain Sandstone and Bredasdorp Formation

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original phosphate

Collection methods: quarrying

• ETE Size: both; ETE reference list: 488, 487, 485, 483, 482, 481, 480, 479, 478, 477, 456, 454, 121, 81, ; ETE museum list:

Primary reference: F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, and T. P. Volman. 1991. Dating, Archaeology and Human Fossils from the Middle Stone Age Levels of Die Kelders, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 21:363-395 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: archaeological analysis

PaleoDB collection 21952: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 19.05.1997, edited by John Damuth, Richard Potts and Hannah O'Regan

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Mammalia
  -
Mammalia indet. Linnaeus 1758 mammal
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Cetacea
 Hyracoidea - Procaviidae
Procavia capensis Pallas 1766 Cape hyrax
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Loxodonta africana Blumenbach 1797 African bush elephant
 Carnivora - Otariidae
Arctocephalus pusillus Schreber 1778 brown fur seal
 Carnivora - Phocidae
Mirounga leonina Linnaeus 1758 southern elephant seal
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mellivora capensis Schreber 1776 honey badger
Ictonyx striatus Perry 1810 zorilla
 Carnivora - Canidae
"Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas
"Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 black-backed jackal
 Carnivora - Viverridae
Genetta sp. Cuvier 1816 civet
 Carnivora - Herpestidae
Galerella pulverulenta Wagner 1839 Cape grey mongoose
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Parahyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820 brown hyaena
 Carnivora - Felidae
Felis libyca Forster 1780 African wildcat
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus quagga Boddaert 1785 plains zebra
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Diceros bicornis Linnaeus 1758 black rhinoceros
 Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758 hippo
 Cetacea - Delphinidae
Delphinidae indet. Gray 1821 dolphin
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Delphinidae
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae-large
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae-small
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae-small/medium
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope
ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae-medium/large
Oreotragus oreotragus Zimmermann 1783 klipspringer
Raphicerus sp. Smith 1827 antelope
Pelea capreolus Forster 1790 grey rhebok
Damaliscus dorcas Pallas 1766 bontebok
Connochaetes gnou Zimmermann 1780 black wildebeest
Alcelaphus buselaphus Pallas 1766 hartebeest
Ovis aries Linnaeus 1758 domestic sheep
Redunca arundinum Boddaert 1785 southern reedbuck
Redunca fulvorufula Afzelius 1815 mountain reedbuck
Antidorcas marsupialis Zimmerman 1780 springbok
Syncerus caffer Sparman 1779 African buffalo
Pelorovis antiquus Duvernoy 1851 antelope
 Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Lepus capensis Linnaeus 1758 cape hare
 Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters 1852 Cape porcupine
 Rodentia - Bathyergidae
Bathyergus suillus Schreber 1787 Cape dune mole rat
 Primates - Hominidae
Homo sapiens Linnaeus 1758 human
 Primates - Cercopithecidae
Papio ursinus Kerr 1792 baboon