Also known as ETE Locality 771, Die Kelders
Where: South Africa (34.5° S, 19.4° E: paleocoordinates 34.6° S, 19.3° E)
• coordinate stated in text
When: Pleistocene to Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.0 Ma)
• ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: max age at least 40000 years, 40000 year based on fauna, artifacts and sediments, C14 on charcoal radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min
Environment/lithology: cave; sandstone
Size class: macrofossils
Preservation: original phosphate
Collection methods: quarrying
• ETE Size: both; ETE reference list: 488, 487, 485, 483, 482, 481, 480, 479, 478, 477, 456, 454, 121, 81, ; ETE museum list:
Primary reference: F. E. Grine, R. G. Klein, and T. P. Volman. 1991. Dating, Archaeology and Human Fossils from the Middle Stone Age Levels of Die Kelders, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 21:363-395 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: archaeological analysis
PaleoDB collection 21952: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 19.05.1997, edited by John Damuth, Richard Potts and Hannah O'Regan
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Mammalia | |
| |
Procavia capensis Pallas 1766 Cape hyrax | |
Loxodonta africana Blumenbach 1797 African bush elephant | |
Arctocephalus pusillus Schreber 1778 brown fur seal | |
Mirounga leonina Linnaeus 1758 southern elephant seal | |
Mellivora capensis Schreber 1776 honey badger
Ictonyx striatus Perry 1810 zorilla | |
"Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas
"Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 black-backed jackal | |
Genetta sp. Cuvier 1816 civet | |
Galerella pulverulenta Wagner 1839 Cape grey mongoose | |
Parahyaena brunnea Thunberg 1820 brown hyaena | |
Felis libyca Forster 1780 African wildcat | |
Equus quagga Boddaert 1785 plains zebra | |
Diceros bicornis Linnaeus 1758 black rhinoceros | |
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758 hippo | |
| |
Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Oreotragus oreotragus, Raphicerus sp., Pelea capreolus, Damaliscus dorcas, Connochaetes gnou, Alcelaphus buselaphus, Ovis aries, Redunca arundinum, Redunca fulvorufula, Antidorcas marsupialis, Syncerus caffer, Pelorovis antiquus
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae-small/medium
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Bovidae-medium/large
Oreotragus oreotragus Zimmermann 1783 klipspringer
Raphicerus sp. Smith 1827 antelope
Pelea capreolus Forster 1790 grey rhebok
Damaliscus dorcas Pallas 1766 bontebok
Connochaetes gnou Zimmermann 1780 black wildebeest
Alcelaphus buselaphus Pallas 1766 hartebeest
Ovis aries Linnaeus 1758 domestic sheep
Redunca arundinum Boddaert 1785 southern reedbuck
Redunca fulvorufula Afzelius 1815 mountain reedbuck
Antidorcas marsupialis Zimmerman 1780 springbok
Syncerus caffer Sparman 1779 African buffalo
Pelorovis antiquus Duvernoy 1851 antelope | |
Atelerix frontalis hedgehog
Erinaceus frontalis hedgehog | |
Lepus capensis Linnaeus 1758 cape hare | |
Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters 1852 Cape porcupine | |
Bathyergus suillus Schreber 1787 Cape dune mole rat | |
Homo sapiens Linnaeus 1758 human | |
Papio ursinus Kerr 1792 baboon |