Lothagam-Kaiyumung Mb. (Pliocene to of Kenya)

Also known as Lothagam-Nachukui fm, Kaiyumung mb.

Where: Kenya (2.9° N, 36.1° E: paleocoordinates 2.7° N, 35.6° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Kaiyumung Member (Nachukui Formation), Zanclean to Zanclean (5.3 - 2.6 Ma)

• Not well dated. Top of underlying member is estimated at 3.9 Ma. KBS tuff in overlying strata is 1.88 +/- 0.02 Ma.

• member-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine; poorly lithified, pebbly, sandy sandstone and poorly lithified mudstone

• Vertebrate fossils common, no isotopically datable materials recovered. Kaiyumung strata may record a third period of fluvial deposition in the Lothagam deposits, suggested by lack of tephra markers, implying a shift in prevailing sediment distribution patterns.
• Characterized by pebble-rich quartzofeldspathic sandstones and mudstones with well-developed vertic features.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: bulk, surface (in situ), mechanical, sieve,

• Held at the National Musuems of Kenya, Nairobi under designation KNM-LT-

Primary reference: M. G. Leakey and J. M. Harris. 2003. Lothagam: the dawn of humanity in eastern Africa. Lothagam: the dawn of humanity in eastern Africa 678 [A. Behrensmeyer/R. Bobe/R. Bobe]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 22239: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 30.06.1999, edited by Suzanne Cote and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Hyperopisus sp., Mormyriformes indet., Labeo sp., Alestes sp., Sindacharax mutetii n. sp., Sindacharax howesi n. sp., Sindacharax deserti, Sindacharax greenwoodi, Sindacharax sp., "Clarias/ Heterobranchus" sp., Semlikiichthys cf. rhachirhinchus
Aves
 Struthioniformes - Struthionidae
cf. Struthio sp.
cf. Struthio sp. Linnaeus 1758 ostrich
Reptilia
 Crocodylia - Crocodylidae
Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni, Euthecodon brumpti
Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni Brochu and Storrs 2012 crocodile
Euthecodon brumpti Joleaud 1920 crocodile
 Testudines - Podocnemididae
Turkanemys pattersoni n. sp.
Turkanemys pattersoni n. sp. Wood 2003 sideneck turtle
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae
Deinotherium bozasi
Deinotherium bozasi Arambourg 1934 deinothere
 Carnivora - Canidae
cf. Canis sp.
cf. Canis sp. Linnaeus 1758 canine
 Carnivora - Felidae
Dinofelis aronoki, Leptailurus sp.
Dinofelis aronoki Werdelin and Lewis 2001 cat
Leptailurus sp. Severtzov 1858 cat
caracal
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Eurygnathohippus sp., Eurygnathohippus sp.
Eurygnathohippus sp. Van Hoepen 1930 hipparionine horse
large sp.
Eurygnathohippus sp. Van Hoepen 1930 hipparionine horse
small sp.
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Ceratotherium praecox
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
"Notochoerus euilus" = Hylochoerus euilus, Nyanzachoerus pattersoni
"Notochoerus euilus" = Hylochoerus euilus Hopwood 1926 giant forest hog
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Giraffa stillei
Giraffa stillei Arambourg 1947 giraffe
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Raphicerus sp., Aepyceros premelampus n. sp., Hippotragini indet., ? Praedamalis sp., Alcelaphini indet., Damalacra sp., Reduncini indet., Kobus presigmoidalis n. sp., Simatherium aff. kohllarseni, Tragelaphus kyaloae, Tragelaphus cf. scriptus, Bovini indet.
Raphicerus sp. Smith 1827 antelope
originally entered as "Raphiceras sp."
Aepyceros premelampus n. sp. Harris 2003 impala
Hippotragini indet. Sundevall 1845 antelope
? Praedamalis sp. Dietrich 1950 antelope
Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876 antelope
Damalacra sp. Gentry 1980 antelope
sp. A
Reduncini indet. Knottnerus-Meyer 1907 antelope
Kobus presigmoidalis n. sp. Harris 2003 antelope
Tragelaphus kyaloae Harris 1991 antelope
Tragelaphus cf. scriptus Pallas 1766 bushbuck
Bovini indet. Gray 1821 antelope
 Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix sp.
Hystrix sp. Linnaeus 1758 porcupine
large sp.
 Rodentia - Thryonomyidae
Thryonomys cf. gregorianus
Thryonomys cf. gregorianus Thomas 1894 Lesser cane rat
 Primates - Hominidae
Australopithecus cf. afarensis
Australopithecus cf. afarensis Johanson et al. 1978 australopithecine
 Primates - Cercopithecidae
Theropithecus cf. brumpti, cf. Parapapio sp., Colobinae indet.
Theropithecus cf. brumpti Arambourg 1947 gelada
cf. Parapapio sp. Jones 1937 monkey
Colobinae indet. Blyth 1875 monkey
large sp.
Osteichthyes
 Ceratodontiformes - Lepidosirenidae
Protopterus sp.
Protopterus sp. Agassiz 1843 african lungfish
Actinopteri
 Osteoglossiformes - Gymnarchidae
Gymnarchus sp.
Gymnarchus sp. Cuvier 1829 aba knifefish
 Teleostei -
Perciformes indet.
Perciformes indet. Bleeker 1859 perch-like fish
 Perciformes -
Percoidei indet.
Percoidei indet. Bleeker 1859 perch-like fish
 Tetraodontiformes - Tetraodontidae
Tetraodon sp.
Tetraodon sp. Linnaeus 1758
 Cichliformes - Cichlidae
Tilapiini indet.
Tilapiini indet. Carnevale et al. 2003 tilapiine
 Acanthomorphata - Centropomidae
Lates niloticus
Lates niloticus Linnaeus 1758 Nile perch
 Cypriniformes - Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae indet., Barbus sp.
Cyprinidae indet. Rafinesque 1815 carp-like fish
Barbus sp. Cuvier and Cloquet 1816 carp-like fish
 Characiformes - Alestidae
Hydrocynus sp.
Hydrocynus sp. Cuvier 1816
 Characiformes - Characidae
Characidae indet.
 Teleostei -
Siluriformes indet.
 Siluriformes - Mochokidae
Synodontis sp.
Synodontis sp. Cuvier 1816 upside down catfish
 Siluriformes - Claroteidae
Clarotes sp.
Clarotes sp. Kner 1855 catfish
 Siluriformes - Bagridae
Bagridae indet., Bagrus aff. sp.
Bagridae indet. Bleeker 1852 naked catfish
Bagrus aff. sp. Bosc 1816 naked catfish
Cladistia
 Polypteriformes - Polypteridae
Polypterus sp.
Polypterus sp. Lacépède 1803 bichir