Atapuerca TD6 (Pleistocene of Spain)

Also known as Gran Dolina

Where: Castilla-Leon, Spain (42.4° N, 3.5° W: paleocoordinates 42.4° N, 3.6° W)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Calabrian (1.8 - 0.8 Ma)

• TD6 dated between 0.99Ma (Jaramillo) and the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary (0.78Ma), uppermost level of TD6 is the Aurora Stratum, containing Homo antecessor remains). Plans and maps given in Carbonell et al. (1999).

Environment/lithology: fissure fill; gravel

• Gravel and boulders

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: anthropogenic

Collection methods: bulk,

• Material currently held in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid and Laboratori de Arqeologia de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona. They will be permanently stored in the Museo de Burgos.

Primary reference: E. Carbonell, M. Esteban, A. Martin Najera, M. Mosquera, X.P. Rodriguez, A. Olle, R. Sala, J.M. Verges, J.M. Bermudez Castro and A.I. Ortega. 1999. The Pleistocene site of Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain: a history of the archaeological investigations. Journal of Human Evolution 1999(37):313-324 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details

Purpose of describing collection: archaeological analysis

PaleoDB collection 34870: authorized by Alan Turner, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 09.10.2003, edited by Loredana Macaluso

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• This list includes all animals reported from TD6 (except the carnivore list which has been subdivided). See Atapuerca Aurora stratum record for those reported just from the hominid layer.
unclassified
  -
Amphibia
 Salientia - Discoglossidae
Alytes obstetricans1 Laurenti 1768 midwife frog
In all sub-levels except for T42
 Salientia - Bufonidae
Bufo calamita1 Cope 1864 toad
In all sub-levels
Bufo bufo1 Linnaeus 1758 toad
In all sub-levels except for T33, T40-42, T45, T49
 Salientia - Ranidae
Rana sp.1 Linnaeus 1758 frog
In all sub-levels except for T42
Pelophylax sp.1 Fitzinger 1843 frog
In sub-levels T43, T54
 Salientia - Pelobatidae
Pelobates cultripes1 Tschudi 1838 spadefoot toad
In all sub-levels except for T32, T34, T38, T42, T49, and T51-55
 Salientia - Pelodytidae
Pelodytes punctatus1 Daudin 1802 parsley frog
In all sub-levels except for T42, T47, T55
 Caudata - Urodela
Triturus sp.1 Rafinesque 1815 newt
In sub-level T51
Mammalia
 Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix refossa2 porcupine
 Rodentia - Gliridae
Eliomys helleri2 dormouse
 Rodentia - Sciuridae
Marmota sp.2 Frisch 1775 marmot
 Rodentia - Castoridae
Castor fiber2 Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian beaver
 Rodentia - Muridae
Apodemus aff. flavicollis2 Eurasian field mouse
Micromys minutus2 harvest mouse
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Pliomys episcopalis2, "Microtus seseae" = Microtus2, "Terricola arvalidens" = Microtus2, "Stenocranius gregaloides" = Microtus (Stenocranius)2, Mimomys savini2, Allophaiomys chalinei2, Allocricetus sp.2
"Microtus seseae" = Microtus2 vole
"Terricola arvalidens" = Microtus2 vole
"Stenocranius gregaloides" = Microtus (Stenocranius)2 vole
Allocricetus sp.2 Schaub 1930 mouse
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Lepus sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 hare
Oryctolagus sp.2 Lilljeborg 1874 rabbit
 Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae
Erinaceus sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 hedgehog
 Theriamorpha - Soricidae
Beremendia fissidens2 Petényi 1864 shrew
Sorex sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 long-tailed shrew
Neomys sp.2 Kaup 1829 water shrew
Crocidura sp.2 Wagler 1832 white-toothed shrew
 Theriamorpha - Talpidae
Galemys sp.2 Kaup 1829 Pyrenean desman
Talpa sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 mole
 Chiroptera - Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus sp.2 Lacépède 1799 horseshoe bat
 Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae
Myotis sp.2 Kaup 1829 vesper bat
Miniopterus schreibersii2 bend-winged bat
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Stephanorhinus etruscus5 Falconer 1868 rhinoceros
3 specimens illustrated
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus cf. altidens5 horse
6 teeth illustrated
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Sus scrofa5 Linnaeus 1758 wild boar
one lower P3
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Cervidae indet.5 Gray 1821 deer
very large, heavily worn upper P4-M3, possibly from same individual.
Eucladoceros giulii5 deer
1 antler, 1 upper D2, 1 first phalanx, 1 3rd phalanx
Cervus elephas5 deer
3 teeth (lower P3, upper M3 and incisor) plus limb bones.
"Dama ? nestii" = Cervus nestii5 Azzaroli 1947 deer
Dama nestii? vallonetensis. 3 specimen illustrated
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
cf. Bison "voigtstedtensis"5 Hamilton-Smith 1827 bison
Bovini cf. "Bison voigtstedtensis". dental and postcranial remains
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Crocuta crocuta3 Erxleben 1777 spotted hyaena
2 medial phalanges, 1 Lower Canine, 1 incisor, 1 second metacarpal, 1 mandibular condyle.
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustela palerminea3 weasel
1 hemimandible
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Ursus sp.3 Linnaeus 1758 bear
2 unerupted lower M3, 1 deciduous canine
 Carnivora - Canidae
Vulpes praeglacialis3 Kormos 1932 fox
1 distal humerus
Reptilia
 Squamata - Crotalidae
"Vipera cf. aspis" = Vipera (Vipera) aspis1
"Vipera cf. aspis" = Vipera (Vipera) aspis1 Linnaeus 1758 asp viper
In all sub-levels except for T38, T42, T51-52
 Squamata - Colubridae
Coronella austriaca1 Laurenti 1768 smooth snake
In all sub-levels except for T34, T38
Rhinechis scalaris1 Schinz 1822 ladder snake
In sub-levels T35-37, T43-48, T50
Natrix natrix1 Linnaeus 1758 water snake
In sub-levels T32-35, T37, T43-45
 Squamata - Lacertidae
Lacertidae indet.1 Bonaparte 1831 squamates
In all sub-levels
sensu lato Lacerta sp.1 Linnaeus 1758 squamates
In all sub-levels except for T40-42
 Squamata - Anguidae
Anguis fragilis1 Linneaus 1758 Slow worm
In all sub-levels except for T32, T34, T37-42, T54-55
Aves
 Charadriiformes - Scolopacidae
Scolopax rusticola4 Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian woodcock
Limosa limosa4 Linnaeus 1758 black-tailed godwit
 Falconiformes - Falconidae
Falco naumanni4 Fleischer 1818 Lesser kestrel
 Passeriformes - Sturnidae
Sturnus sp.4 Linnaeus 1756 starling
 Passeriformes - Fringillidae
Fringilla coelebs4 Linnaeus 1758 common chaffinch
1 humerus
 Passeriformes - Turdidae
Turdus iliacus4 Linnaeus 1758 redwing
1 humerus
Turdus philomelos4 Brehm 1831 song thrush
1 humerus
Turdus merula4 Linnaeus 1758 common blackbird
3 humeri
 Passeriformes - Muscicapidae
Muscicapa striata4 Pallas 1764 spotted flycatcher
1 humerus
 Passeriformes - Hirundinidae
Hirundo rustica4 Linnaeus 1758 barn swallow
 Passeriformes - Motacillidae
Anthus pratensis4 Linnaeus 1758 meadow pipit
2 humeri
 Passeriformes - Prunellidae
Prunella modularis4 Linnaeus 1758 hedge accentor
1 humerus
Prunella collaris4 Scopoli 1769 alpine accentor
1 humerus
 Passeriformes - Corvidae
Corvidae indet.4 Vigors 1825 perching bird
Corvus antecorvax4 crow
fossil form of the raven Corvus corax
 Passeriformes - Emberizidae
Emberiza citrinella4 Linnaeus 1758 yellowhammer
1 humerus
 Passeriformes - Alaudidae
Eremophila alpestris4 Linnaeus 1759 horned lark
1 humerus
Lullula arborea4 Linnaeus 1758 wood lark
8 humeri
Galerida cristata4 Linnaeus 1758 crested lark
1 humerus
Calandrella cf. brachydactyla4 Leisler 1814 greater short-toed lark
2 humeri
Melanocorypha calandra4 Linnaeus 1766 calandra lark
1 humerus
Alauda arvensis4 Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian skylark
2 humeri
 Passeriformes - Cinclidae
Cinclus cinclus4 Linnaeus 1758 white-throated dipper
1 humerus
 Columbiformes - Columbidae
Columba livia4 Gmelin 1789 rock pigeon
 Gruiformes - Rallidae
Porzana sp.4 Vieillot 1816 rail
 Anseriformes - Anatidae
Anas sp.4 Linnaeus 1758 dabbling duck
Anas crecca4 Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian teal
 Galliformes - Phasianidae
Coturnix coturnix4 Linnaeus 1758 common quail
Perdix palaeoperdix4 Mourer-Chauviré 1975 partridge