Liuhuanggou bonebed (Jurassic to of China)

Where: Xinjiang, China (43.6° N, 87.3° E: paleocoordinates 42.7° N, 102.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Qigu Formation, Late/Upper Oxfordian to Late/Upper Oxfordian (161.2 - 152.1 Ma)

• 520 m above underlying Toutunhe Formation

•Fang et al. 2015: Samples from Qigu were dated to ~151–161Ma using detrital zircon analysis

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial; lithified, fine-grained, pebbly, intraclastic, green siltstone and fine-grained, green, red sandstone

• "It is possible that the assemblage was transported by a river or stream."
• "unstratified green clay- and siltstones with numerous small clay pebbles. The top of the bonebed develops into an unstratified greenish to reddish fine-grained sandstone" Ref 26705: "a very hard, unstratified, fine siltstone, with occasional larger components. These components include moderately rounded lithoclasts of different sizes...coprolites, and vertebrate teeth and bones."

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: bulk, sieve,

Primary reference: M. W. Maisch, A. T. Matzke, F. Grossmann, H. Stöhr, H.-U. Pfretzschner and G. Sun. 2005. The first haramiyoid mammal from Asia. Naturwissenschaften 92:403-44 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 47056: authorized by Matthew Carrano, entered by Matthew Carrano on 03.02.2005, edited by Roger Benson, Jonathan Tennant and Emma Dunne

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Chondrichthyes
 Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Hybodus cf. huangnidanensis2 Wang 1977 elasmobranch
"sp. nov."
 Hybodontiformes - Acrodontidae
Palaeobates sp.6 elasmobranch
 Hybodontiformes - Lonchidiidae
Jiaodontus montaltissiums n. gen. n. sp.2 elasmobranch
"sp. nov."
Jiaodontus vedenemus n. sp.2 Klug et al. 2010 elasmobranch
SGP 2007/39-46
Osteichthyes
 Ptycholepiformes - Ptycholepididae
cf. Ptycholepididae indet.6 Brough 1939 ray-finned fish
 Dipnoi - Ceratodontidae
Ceratodontidae indet.6 Gill 1872 lungfish
Amphibia
 Temnospondyli -
Temnospondyli indet.11 tetrapod
SGP2005–10, SGP2005–11, jaw fragments with teeth.
? Brachyopoidea indet.3 Lydekker 1885 tetrapod
SGP 2000/13, an anterior dorsal intercentrum and associated pleurocentrum, a left quadratojugal and some indeterminate fragments
 Caudata -
Caudata indet.11 Scopoli 1777 salamander
SGP2005–9, right femur proximal fragment
Mammalia
 Allotheria -
Sineleutherus uyguricus n. gen. n. sp.7
Sineleutherus uyguricus n. gen. n. sp.7 Martin et al. 2010 mammal
Previously a single molar (SGP 2001/33) was reported by Maisch et al. (2005)
 Theriamorpha -
Zatheria indet.6 McKenna 1975 mammal
Nanolestes mackennai n. sp.7 Martin et al. 2010 mammal
SGP 2004/4, 2004/41, 2004/33, 2005/2, 2005/14, 2004/14
 Marsupialia - Herpetotheriidae
Eutriconodonta indet.7 marsupial
SGP 2005/4
Osteichthyes
 Cynodontia -
Docodonta indet.7 Kretzoi 1946 dodocont
SGP 2004/10, 2004/26
 Docodonta - Docodontidae
Dsungarodon zuoi9 Pfretzschner et al. 2005 dodocont
SGP 2001/21, 2004/39, 2005/15, 2004/9, 2001/24, 2004/19, 2004/18, 2005/6, 2004/21, 2004/24, 2004/22, 2004/31, 2001/22, 2004/7
 Docodonta - Tegotheriidae
Tegotherium sp.7 Tatarinov 1994 dodocont
SGP 2001/23, 2005/7, 2004/32, 2004/23, 2004/25, 2004/34, 2005/13, 2004/30, 2004/36, 2004/20, 2004/11, 2005/8, 2004/3, 2004/29, 2001/25, 2004/26, 2004/27, 2004/35, 2004/37, 2005/12, 2004/28, 2004/5, 2004/13
Reptilia
 Testudines - Xinjiangchelyidae
Xinjiangchelys radiplicatoides4 Brinkman et al. 2013 turtle
SGP 2001/34, incomplete posterior half of a plastron, five fragmentary costals and three articulated peripherals
Xinjiangchelys qiguensis n. sp.8 Matzke et al. 2004 turtle
SGP 2000/5, holotype partial skeleton
 Squamata - Paramacellodidae
Paramacellodidae indet.10 Estes 1983 squamates
SGP 2007/1-2
 Loricata -
Mesoeucrocodylia indet.12 Whetstone and Whybrow 1983 crocodilian
 Loricata - Goniopholididae
cf. Sunosuchus sp.12 Young 1948 crocodilian
Sunosuchus sp.6 Young 1948 crocodilian
 Loricata - Atoposauridae
Theriosuchus sp.12 Owen 1878 crocodilian
 Loricata - Shartegosuchidae
Nominosuchus sp.12 Efimov 1996 crocodilian
 Ornithischia -
Thyreophora indet.6 ornithischian
Ankylosauria indet.6 Osborn 1923 ankylosaur
Ankylosauria sp.1 Osborn 1923 ankylosaur
The specimen (SGP 2002/8) is a partially preserved caudal vertebra comprising most of the centrum and the complete right transverse process.
Stegosauria indet.6 ornithischian
SGP 2002/001
 Avetheropoda -
 Theropoda -
 Saurischia - Mamenchisauridae
? Mamenchisauridae indet.5 mamenchisaurid
SGP 2002/005, tooth
 Pterosauria - Rhamphorhynchidae
Rhamphorhynchidae indet.6 Seeley 1870 pterosaur
"gen. et sp. nov."
 Choristodera -
Choristodera indet.10 choristodere
SGP 2007/6-7, 10