Also known as Grube Unterfeld; Bott-Eder clay pit; Rauenberg
Where: Baden-Württemberg, Germany (49.5° N, 9.0° E: paleocoordinates 48.9° N, 5.3° E)
• coordinate stated in text
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: MP 22 mammal zone, Rupelian (33.9 - 28.1 Ma)
• "early Oligocene, Rupelian... MP 22" (Mayr 2007)
•fish and bird fossils are from the "Fish Shales," which are "about 10 m thick" and are overlain by an "about 40 m" thick clay interval called the Meletta-Layers (Micklich and Hildebrandt 2005)
Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; gray claystone
Size class: macrofossils
• "the [bird] fossils are completely disarticulated, with the bones being jumbled but nevertheless clo- sely associated" but "fish skeletons... are often fully articulated" (Mayr and Micklich 2010)
Preservation: adpression
Collected by Charles Knopf in 2009; reposited in the SMF, SMNS
Collection methods: quarrying
• SMF, SMNS, and HLMD collections
•most specimens were collected prior to 2009
Primary reference: G. Mayr. 2000. A new mousebird (Coliiformes: Coliidae) from the Oligocene of Germany. Journal of Ornithology 141(1):85-92 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 68021: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 24.12.2006, edited by Mark Uhen, Patricia Holroyd, Evangelos Vlachos and Barbara Seuss
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Zygrahablithus bijugatus12, Lanternitus minutus12, Oligopleuronectes germanicus12, Oligopleuronectes weissi12, Anechelum glarisianum12, Musculopedunculus micklichi12, Gemphylidae indet.12, Tholichthys sp.12, Microcanthus sp.12, Leiognathoides cf. altapinna12, Reproca sabbai12, Trilidae indet.12, Oligosphenopsis gracillis12, Frauenweilerstomus synarchus12, Microphis sp.12, Weissobatis micklichi12, Cribocentrum coenurum3, Cylicargolithus floridanus3, Chriopteridium galea3, Cordospheridium cantharellum3, Criboperidinium tenuitabulatum3, Histiocycta sp.3, Impletoshaeridium sp.3, Paleocystodinium sp.3, Wetzelliella gochtii3, Wetzelliella symmetrica3, Wetzelliella sp.3, Bulimna sp.3, Globigeria bulloides3, Turillina alsatica3, Phycophyta indet.3, Tetraclinis salicornioides3, ? Calamoideae indet.3, Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis3, Trachelospermum sp.3, Trachelospermum steiningeri3, Pungiphyllum cruciatum3, Cirrepedia indet.3, Pentatomorpha indet.3, cf. Bupestridae indet.3, Oechsleria unterfeldensis n. gen. n. sp.10
Oechsleria unterfeldensis n. gen. n. sp.10 | |
Foraminifera | |
Foraminifera indet.3 Eichwald 1830 | |
Fissurina sp.3 Reuss 1850 | |
Uvigerina sp.3 d'Orbigny 1826 | |
Globothalamea | |
Rosalina sp.3 d'Orbigny 1826 | |
Lobatula lobatula3 Walker and Jacob 1798 | |
Nodosariata | |
Globulina gibba3 d'Orbigny 1832 | |
Lenticulina sp.3 Lamarck 1804 | |
unclassified | |
Plantae indet.14 Haeckel 1866 | |
Cycadopsida | |
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Magnoliopsida | |
Dicotylophyllum sp.3 Saporta 1894 | |
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Pinopsida | |
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Angiospermae | |
Oleinites sp.3 Cookson 1947 | |
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Laurus abchasica3, Daphnogene cinnamomifolia3, Laurophyllum kinkelinii3, Laurophyllum cf. kinkelinii3, Laurophyllum pseudoprinceps3, Laurophyllum sp.3, Actinodaphne pseudogermari3
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Dicotyledoneae | |
? Ternstroemites sp.3 Berry 1916 | |
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Hepaticae | |
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Polypodiopsida | |
"Lygodium kaulfussii" = Lygodium kaulfussi3
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Pteridopsida | |
"Filicopsida indet." = Pteridopsida3
"Filicopsida indet." = Pteridopsida3 Ritgen 1828 | |
Craigia | |
Reticulofenestra | |
Reticulofenestra scissura3, Reticulofenestra sp.3, Reticulofenestra dictyoda3, Reticulofenestra minuta3, Reticulofenestra cf. daviesii3
Reticulofenestra sp.3 Hay et al. 1966
Reticulofenestra dictyoda3 Stradner 1968
Reticulofenestra minuta3 Roth 1970
Reticulofenestra cf. daviesii3 Haq 1971 | |
Coccolithophyceae | |
Goniolithus fluckigeri3 Deflandre 1957 | |
Sphenolithus moriformis3 Bronnimann and Stradner 1960 | |
Biscutum constans3 Górka 1957 | |
Cyclagelosphaera margerelii3 Noël 1965 | |
"Coccolithus crassipons" = Coccolithus3, "Coccolithus spp." = Coccolithus3, "Cyclococcolithus spp." = Coccolithus3, Coccolithus pelagicus12, Braarudosphaera bigelowii3, Markalius inversus3, Zygrhablithus bijugatus3, Cruciplacolithus sp.3, Pontosphaera desueta3, Pontosphaera sp.3, Pontosphaera multipora3
"Coccolithus crassipons" = Coccolithus3
"Coccolithus spp." = Coccolithus3 Schwartz 1959
"Cyclococcolithus spp." = Coccolithus3 Schwartz 1959
Coccolithus pelagicus12 Wallich 1877
Braarudosphaera bigelowii3 Gran and Braarud 1935
Markalius inversus3 Deflandre 1954
Zygrhablithus bijugatus3 Deflandre and Fert 1954
Cruciplacolithus sp.3 Hay and Mohler 1927
Pontosphaera sp.3 Lohmann 1961
Pontosphaera multipora3 Roth 1970 | |
Chondrichthyes | |
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"Carcharias cuspidatus" = Araloselachus cuspidatus12
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Actinopteri | |
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Deutschenchelys micklichi n. gen. n. sp.15
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Elopidae indet.12 Bonaparte 1846 | |
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Oligoremora rhenana3 Micklich et al. 2016
Oligoremora rhenana n. gen. n. sp.11 Micklich et al. 2016 | |
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Hemiramphus sp.3 Cuvier 1817 | |
Priacanthus spinosus3 Weiler 1938 | |
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Ophidiidae indet.3 Rafinesque 1810 | |
Doryrhamphus sp.12 Kaup 1853 | |
Palaeorhynchus cf. zitteli3 Kramberger 1879
"Palaeorhynchus cf. glarisianus" = Palaeorhynchus glarisianum3 de Blainville 1818 | |
cf. Sphyraenodus sp.12 Agassiz 1839 | |
aff. Trichiurus sp.3 Linnaeus 1758
Anenchelum cf. angustum3 Danil'chenko 1980
Lepidopus sp.3 Gouan 1770 | |
Gempylidae indet.9 Gill 1862
Abadzekhia cf. tarletskovi3 Bannikov 2005
cf. Thyrsitoides sp.3 Fowler 1929 | |
Scombridae indet.12, Sarda brachycephala12, Scomberomorini indet.12, Neocybium sp.12, Scomberomorus lingulatus12, Auxides cf. cernegurae3, Scomber sp.12
Scombridae indet.12 Rafinesque 1815
Neocybium sp.12 Leriche 1906
Auxides cf. cernegurae3 Ciobanu 1977 | |
Gadidae indet.12 Rafinesque 1810 | |
Palaeogadus cf. intergerinus3 Daniltshenko 1947 | |
Protobrotula sp.12 Danil'chenko 1960 | |
Nerophis sp.3 Rafinesque 1810 | |
Veliferidae indet.12 Bleeker 1859 | |
Aves | |
Turnipax oechslerorum n. sp.7
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Rupelramphastoides knopfi n. gen. n. sp.6
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Oligocolius brevitarsus n. gen. n. sp.
Oligocolius brevitarsus n. gen. n. sp. Mayr 2000 mousebird | |
Wieslochia weissi n. gen. n. sp.8
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Eurotrochilus inexpectatus n. gen. n. sp.4
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? Colymboides metzleri n. sp.3
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Reptilia | |
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Mammalia | |
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Apterodon rauenbergensis n. sp.2
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Echinoidea | |
"Ova sp." = Schizaster (Ova)3
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Bivalvia | |
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Gastropoda | |
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Arachnida | |
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Thecostraca | |
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Malacostraca | |
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Insecta | |
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Proantigonia | |
Proantigonia sp.12 Kramberger
"Capros caprosoides" = Proantigonia caprosoides12 Cosmovici 1887 | |
Rhombodinium draco3 Gocht 1955 | |
Dinophyceae | |
Samlandia chlamydophora3, Spiniferites crassivariablis3, Spiniferites sp.3, Spiniferites pseudofurcatus3
Samlandia chlamydophora3 Eisenack 1954
Spiniferites sp.3 Mantell 1850
Spiniferites pseudofurcatus3 Sarjeant 1970 | |
Phthanoperidinium amoenum3, Phthanoperidinium comatum3, Phthanoperidinium sp.3, Deflandrea heterophlycta3, Deflandrea sp.3, Deflandrea phosphoritica3
Phthanoperidinium sp.3 Drugg and Loeblich 1967
Deflandrea sp.3 Eisenack 1938 | |
Lejeunecysta cinctoria3 Lentin and Williams 1981 | |
Batiacasphaera sp.3 Drugg 1970 | |
Lingulodinium machaerophorum3, Hystrichokolpoma cinctum3, Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae3, Achilleodinium biformoides3, Achomosphaera alcicornu3, Achomosphaera sp.3, Systematophora placacantha3, Thalassiphora pelagica3, Cordosphaeridium minimum3, Operculodinium microtriainum3
Hystrichokolpoma cinctum3 Klumpp 1953
Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae3 Deflandre and Cookson 1955
Achomosphaera sp.3 Evitt 1963
Thalassiphora pelagica3 Eisenack 1954 | |
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Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata3 Bujak and Matsuoka 1986 | |
Apteodinium sp.3, Distatodinium sp.3, Distatodinium paradoxum3, Distatodinium biffii3, Distatodinium craterum3, Distatodinium ellipticum3, Chiropteridium sp.3, Chiropteridium lobospinosum3
Apteodinium sp.3 Eisenack 1958
Distatodinium sp.3 Eaton 1976
Chiropteridium sp.3 Gocht 1960
Chiropteridium lobospinosum3 Gocht 1960 | |
Trachinus minutus | |
"Trachinus cf. minutus" = Megalolepis minutus3
"Trachinus cf. minutus" = Megalolepis minutus3 Jonet 1958 | |
Doliostrobus | |
Doliostrobus taxiformis3 Kvacek 1971 |