Gaj beds - Gaga, Kathiawar (Miocene of Pakistan)

Where: Pakistan (30.4° N, 72.5° E: paleocoordinates 23.7° N, 72.7° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Gaj Formation, Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the lower Gaj beds, which regionally overlie the Nari beds (Oligocene) and are overlain by the Middle-Late Miocene Mekran beds. AGE: lower Early Miocene, based on similarity with European faunas of Aquitanian age. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: from the lower Gaj beds.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; poorly lithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Not stated in text, but presumably shallow shelf siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, but presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified, based on figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Collected by Vredenburg

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTORS: Multiple collectors including W. Blanford, Wynne, Hira Lal, Ram Singh, and Noetling (staff of Geological Survey of India) during the early 1900's. REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India, with voucher specimens possibly at the BMNH.

Primary reference: E. Vredenburg. 1928. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Gastropoda (in part) and Lamellibranchiata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(2):351-506 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77432: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 11.01.2008

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda, bivalvia, and scaphopoda. NOMENCLATURE: Antiquated, but from an authoritative publication, with use of species and subgenus resolution assignments. Nomenclature can be updated through reference to Harzhauser and Swarko publications.
Gastropoda
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
"Turritella angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti
"Turritella angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti Vredenburg 1928 turret shell
Bivalvia
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Venus (Clementia) papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea, "Venus (Omphaloclathrum) puerpera" = Periglypta puerpera
"Venus (Clementia) papyracea" = Clementia (Clementia) papyracea Gray 1825 venus clam
"Venus (Omphaloclathrum) puerpera" = Periglypta puerpera Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
SUBSPECIES: Venus (Omphaloclathrum) puerpera granosa
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium (Discors) triforme" = Discors triforme, Cardium (Trachycardium) greenhoughi
"Cardium (Discors) triforme" = Discors triforme Sowerby 1840 cockle
Cardium (Trachycardium) greenhoughi d'Archiac and Haime 1853 cockle