Alexandria Formation (Engelbreicht et al. 1962) (Pliocene of South Africa)

Where: South Africa (34.0° S, 25.6° E: paleocoordinates 34.1° S, 25.2° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Alexandria Formation, Pliocene (5.3 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From Alexandria Formation, which unconformably overlies Late Cretaceous Sundays River Fm in places, and is overlain by eolian calcarenites. AGE: Much discussed, although not clearly in text, to range from Miocene to Pleistocene, but also possible Eocene (see Haughton pers. comm., cited in text). Assigned here to a Pliocene age, based on more recent publications (King, 1972). STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: A composite list representing the entire formation.

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; poorly lithified, shelly/skeletal, calcareous limestone and lithified, shelly/skeletal, calcareous sandstone

• ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine, probably siliciclastic (calcareous, and high in bioclastic material) facies.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Compact, gritty limestones and calcareous sandstones containing abundant, mainly fragmented shells. LITHIFICATION: Poorly lithified, based on facies description, which is distinguished from "ccompact crystalline" and "porous, loosely-cemented" adjacent descriptions.

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: COLLECTOR: Unknown collector. REPOSITORY: Unknown repository.

Primary reference: A. Ruddock. 1966. The Tertiary limestone of the southern coastal regions of Cape Province, South Africa. Sedimentary Basins of the African Coasts 49-62 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 77527: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 14.01.2008

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda and bivalvia, and also mentioning foraminifera, brachiopoda, bryozoa, crustacea, and sharks. NOMENCLATURE: Not an authoritative publication, and with relatively antiquated nomenclature, commonly not assigned to species resolution.
unclassified
  -
Foraminifera
 Lituolida - Lituolidae
Textularia sp. Defrance 1824
Globothalamea
 Rotaliida - Nonionidae
 Rotaliida - Cibicididae
 Rotaliida - Discorbidae
 Rotaliida - Gavelinellidae
Gyroidina planulata Cushman and Renz 1941
Foraminifera
 Discorbacea - Bagginidae
 Nummulitacea - Nummulitidae
 Rotaliacea - Rotaliidae
Tubothalamea
 Miliolida - Hauerinidae
Nodosariata
 Nodosariida - Nodosariidae
Foraminifera
 Rotalioidea - Elphidiidae
Bivalvia
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Mytilus sp. Linnaeus 1758 mussel
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
 Arcida - Arcidae
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Pecten sp. Müller 1776 scallop
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
"Ostrea gryphoides" = Crassostrea gryphoides Schlotheim 1813 oyster
 Ostreida - Malleidae
"Melina cf. gaudichaudi" = Isognomon (Melina)
"Melina cf. gaudichaudi" = Isognomon (Melina) oyster
 Cardiida - Psammobiidae
"Psammobia verspertina" = Gari (Psammobia)
"Psammobia verspertina" = Gari (Psammobia) clam
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
"Tellina cf. perna" = Tonganaella perna, Macoma orbicularis
"Tellina cf. perna" = Tonganaella perna Spengler 1798 tellin clam
Macoma orbicularis tellin clam
 Cardiida - Donacidae
Donax serra Roding 1798 clam
 Cardiida - Veneridae
Tivela baini, "Chamalea rogersi" = Chamelea, "Chamalea schwarzi" = Chamelea, "Chamalea krigei" = Chamelea
Tivela baini venus clam
"Chamalea rogersi" = Chamelea venus clam
"Chamalea schwarzi" = Chamelea venus clam
"Chamalea krigei" = Chamelea venus clam
SUBSPECIES: Chamalea krigei elongata
 Cardiida - Mactridae
"Schizodesma spengleri" = Scissodesma, "Schizodesma sp." = Scissodesma
"Schizodesma spengleri" = Scissodesma clam
"Schizodesma sp." = Scissodesma Gray 1837 clam
Gastropoda
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Bullia annulata Lamarck 1816 snail
 Neogastropoda - Olividae
Ancilla sp. Lamarck 1799 olive snail
 Neogastropoda - Ancillariidae
"Baryspira sp." = Amalda (Baryspira)
"Baryspira sp." = Amalda (Baryspira) Fischer 1883 snail
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus sp. Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
? Conus achatina cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
Voluta africana Adegoke 1977 volute
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
Cypraea sp. Linnaeus 1758 cowry
Lyncina cf. carneola Linnaeus 1758 purple-mouthed cowry
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Turritella sp. Lamarck 1799 turret shell
"Turritella cf. tricarinata" = Turritella (Turritella) tricarinata Brocchi 1814 turret shell
"Turritella (Archimediella) bicarinata" = Turritella bicarinata Elchwald 1830 turret shell
Turritella (Haustator) planispira Wood 1842 turret shell
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
 Cerithioidea - Potamididae
Pirenella stowi horn snail
 Lepetellida - Fissurellidae
Fissurella incarnata, "Glyphis elevata" = Diodora
"Glyphis elevata" = Diodora snail
Deuteropoda
  -
Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802 ostracod
Anthozoa
  -
Anthozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1834