Sutton, Suffolk [Red Crag] (Pliocene of the United Kingdom)

Where: England, United Kingdom (52.8° N, 1.5° E: paleocoordinates 52.8° N, 1.2° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Red Crag Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Red Crag, which is regionally overlies the Coralline Crag. AGE: Late Pliocene, according to Rayner, 1981 on the basis of foraminiferal and palynological biostratigraphy. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From unknown position within formation.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text, but siliciclastic based on observation of specimens. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, based on observation and figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original aragonite, original calcite

Collection methods: COLLECTOR: Not stated, but probably Stearns Wood, c. 1840's-1870's. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text.

Primary reference: S. V. Wood. 1848. A monograph of the Crag Mollusca or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper Tertiaries of the East of England. Part 1. Univalves 1-208 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 84759: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 10.11.2008, edited by Pete Wagner

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for mollusca. Other volumes when entered will include bryozoa, brachiopoda, and anthozoa. NOMENCLATURE: Authoritative publication, but with antiquated nomenclature, which is revised where possible through more recent sources.
Gastropoda
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
"Scalaria groenlandica" = Epitonium greenlandicum, "Scalaria trevelyana" = Epitonium trevelyana
"Scalaria groenlandica" = Epitonium greenlandicum Perry 1811 wentletrap
"Scalaria trevelyana" = Epitonium trevelyana Johnston 1841 wentletrap
 Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae
Eulima naumanni3 von Könen 1867 snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Turritella taurinensis3 Michelotti 1847 turret shell
Turritella communis Risso 1826 turret shell
"Turritella imbricataria" = Haustator imbricataria Lamarck 1804 turret shell
 Cerithioidea - Potamididae
"Cerithium tricinctum" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus
"Cerithium tricinctum" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus Brocchi 1814 horn snail
 Pseudomelanoidea - Pseudomelaniidae
"Pleurotoma semicolon" = Crassispira (Crassispira) semicolon
"Pleurotoma semicolon" = Crassispira (Crassispira) semicolon Sowerby 1816 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
Rostellaria plurimacosta Wood 1848 true conch
 Sorbeoconcha - Aporrhaidae
"Aporrhais pespelicani" = Aporrhais pespelecani
"Aporrhais pespelicani" = Aporrhais pespelecani Linnaeus 1758 snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Buccinum undatum, Nassa monensis, "Trophon (Sipho) islandicus" = Colus islandicus3, "Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei
Buccinum undatum Linnaeus 1758 true whelk
Nassa monensis Forbes 1842 true whelk
"Trophon (Sipho) islandicus" = Colus islandicus3 Mohr 1786 true whelk
"Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei Sowerby 1825 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
"Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa, "Nassa prismatica" = Nassarius prysmaticus, "Nassa consociata" = Nassarius (Tritonella) consociatus, "Nassa incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus, "Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus, Fusus intortus, Fusus porrectus, "Nassa conglobata" = Demoulia conglobata3
"Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa Sowerby 1824 snail
"Nassa prismatica" = Nassarius prysmaticus Brocchi 1814 snail
"Nassa consociata" = Nassarius (Tritonella) consociatus Wood 1848 snail
"Nassa incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus Müller 1773 snail
"Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus Sowerby 1824 snail
Fusus intortus Lamarck 1803 snail
COMMENTS: Reworked from London Clay (Eocene)?
Fusus porrectus Solander 1766 snail
COMMENTS: Reworked from London Clay (Eocene)?
"Nassa conglobata" = Demoulia conglobata3 Brocchi 1814 snail
 Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
"Trophon costiferum" = Buccinofusus costiferum
"Trophon costiferum" = Buccinofusus costiferum Wood 1848 snail
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
Columbella sulcata Sowerby 1823 snail
 Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae
Clavatula plicifera Wood 1842 snail
Clavatula costata Da Costa 1778 snail
Clavatula linearis Montagu 1803 snail
Clavatula mitrula Sowerby 1822 snail
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
"Clavatula turricula" = Propebela turricula, "Clavatula trevelliana" = Curtitoma reticulata
"Clavatula turricula" = Propebela turricula Montagu 1803 cone shell
"Clavatula trevelliana" = Curtitoma reticulata Brown 1827 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Drilliidae
"Pleurotoma carinata" = Spirotropis confusa
"Pleurotoma carinata" = Spirotropis confusa Seguenza 1880 snail
 Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
"Clavatula nebula" = Mangelia nebula
"Clavatula nebula" = Mangelia nebula Montagu 1803 snail
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Terebra inversa Nyst 1843 auger snail
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
Pleurotoma intorta Brocchi 1814 turrid
Pleurotoma turricula Montagu 1803 turrid
Pleurotoma senilis3 Wood 1877 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
"Trophon scalariforme" = Boreotrophon clathratus, "Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona, Trophon alveolatum, Murex torturosus
"Trophon scalariforme" = Boreotrophon clathratus Linnaeus 1767 murex snail
"Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona Sowerby 1825 murex snail
Trophon alveolatum Sowerby 1826 murex snail
Murex torturosus Sowerby 1823 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
"Cancellaria mitraeformis" = Lyria mitraeformis
"Cancellaria mitraeformis" = Lyria mitraeformis Lamarck 1811 volute
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Cancellaria subangulosa Wood 1842 snail
Cancellaria costellifera Sowerby 1818 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Cassidaria bicarinata" = Galeodea bicatenata
"Cassidaria bicarinata" = Galeodea bicatenata Sowerby 1815 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Triviidae
Erato britannica1, "Cypraea retusa" = Trivia retusa, "Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana, "Cypraea angliae" = Niveria angliae, "Erato maugeriae" = Archierato maugeriae
Erato britannica1 Schilder 1933 snail
"Cypraea retusa" = Trivia retusa Sowerby 1823 snail
"Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana Sowerby 1823 snail
"Cypraea angliae" = Niveria angliae Wood 1848 snail
"Erato maugeriae" = Archierato maugeriae Gray 1832 snail
 Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
Ringicula buccinea Sowerby 1823 snail
Ringicula ventricosa Sowerby 1823 snail
 Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
"Chemnitzia internodula" = Turbonilla (Pyrgolidium) internodula
"Chemnitzia internodula" = Turbonilla (Pyrgolidium) internodula Wood 1848 snail
Bivalvia
 Arcida - Arcidae
Arca lactea2 Linnaeus 1767 ark
 Arcida - Cucullaeidae
"Arca tetragona" = Tetrarca tetragona2
"Arca tetragona" = Tetrarca tetragona2 Poli 1795 clam
 Pectinida - Anomiidae
"Anomia patelliformis" = Pododesmus patelliformis2
"Anomia patelliformis" = Pododesmus patelliformis2 Linnaeus 1773 scallop
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten tigrinus" = Palliolum tigrinum2, "Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2, "Pecten maximus" = Pecten maxima2, "Pecten dubius" = Aequipecten opercularis2, "Pecten gracilis" = Aequipecten opercularis2
"Pecten tigrinus" = Palliolum tigrinum2 Müller 1776 scallop
"Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Pecten maximus" = Pecten maxima2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Pecten dubius" = Aequipecten opercularis2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Pecten gracilis" = Aequipecten opercularis2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
Ostrea princeps2 Wood 1850 oyster
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Mytilus edulis3 Linnaeus 1758 mussel
SUBSPECIES: Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis
"Modiola modiolus" = Modiolus (Modiolus) modiolus2 Linnaeus 1758 mussel
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
"Loripes divaricata" = Lucinella divaricata2
"Loripes divaricata" = Lucinella divaricata2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Pholadida - Teredinidae
 Pholadida - Pholadidae
"Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2, "Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2
"Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2 Sowerby 1818 clam
"Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Pholadida - Myidae
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria2, "Mya truncata" = Mya (Mya) truncata2
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria2 Linnaeus 1758 softshell clam
"Mya truncata" = Mya (Mya) truncata2 Linnaeus 1758 softshell clam
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
"Corbula striata" = Caryocorbula striata2 Lamarck 1801 clam
 Cardiida - Galeommatidae
"Kellia ambigua" = Laseina ambigua2
"Kellia ambigua" = Laseina ambigua2 Nyst and Westendorp 1839 clam
 Cardiida - Kelliidae
"Lepton deltoideum" = Bornia (Bornia) deltoidea2
"Lepton deltoideum" = Bornia (Bornia) deltoidea2 Wood 1840 clam
 Cardiida - Glossidae
Isocardia cor2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Cardiida - Arcticidae
"Cyprina rustica" = Pygocardia rustica2, "Cyprina islandica" = Arctica islandica2
"Cyprina rustica" = Pygocardia rustica2 Sowerby 1818 clam
"Cyprina islandica" = Arctica islandica2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Cardiida - Chamidae
Chama gryphoides2 Linnaeus 1758 jewel box
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Circe minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima2, "Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis2, Lucinopsis lajonkairii2, "Venus ovata" = Timoclea ovata2, "Venus imbricata" = Timoclea imbricata2, Tapes virginea2, "Venus fasciata" = Clausinella fasciata2, Artemis lentiformis2
"Circe minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima2 Montagu 1803 venus clam
"Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis2 Poli 1795 venus clam
Lucinopsis lajonkairii2 Payraudeau 1826 venus clam
"Venus ovata" = Timoclea ovata2 Pennant 1777 venus clam
"Venus imbricata" = Timoclea imbricata2 Sowerby 1826 venus clam
Tapes virginea2 Linnaeus 1767 venus clam
"Venus fasciata" = Clausinella fasciata2 da Costa 1778 venus clam
Artemis lentiformis2 Sowerby 1818 venus clam
 Cardiida - Ungulinidae
"Diplodonta rotundata" = Diplodonta (Diplodonta) rotundata2 Montagu 1803 clam
Diplodonta dilatata2 Wood 1840 clam
Diplodonta astartea2 Nyst 1835 clam
 Cardiida - Mesodesmatidae
"Mactra deaurata" = Mesodesma deauratum2
"Mactra deaurata" = Mesodesma deauratum2 Turton 1822 clam
 Cardiida - Mactridae
Lutraria lutraria2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
Mactra truncata2 Montague 1808 clam
Mactra ovalis2 Sowerby 1817 clam
Trigonella plana2 da Costa 1778 clam
Mactra solida2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
Mactra stultorum2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
Mactra constricta n. sp.2 Wood 1850 clam
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
"Mactra subtruncata" = Spisula subtruncata2 da Costa 1778 clam
"Mactra obtruncata" = Spisula obtruncata2 Wood 1850 clam
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium groenlandicum" = Serripes (Serripes) groenlandicus2 Mohr 1786 cockle
"Cardium parkinsoni" = Laevicardium (Dinocardium) parkinsoni2 Sowerby 1814 cockle
"Cardium echinatum" = Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) echinata2 Linnaeus 1767 cockle
Cardium interruptum2 Wood 1850 cockle
Cardium nodosulum2 Wood 1840 cockle
Cardium angustatum2 Sowerby 1821 cockle
Cardium nodosum2 Montague 1803 cockle
Cardium venustum2 Wood 1840 cockle
 Cardiida - Donacidae
Donax trunculus2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
Gastrana laminosa2 Sowerby 1827 tellin clam
Tellina lata2 Gmelin 1788 tellin clam
Tellina benedenii2 Nsyt and Westendorp 1839 tellin clam
"Tellina crassa" = Arcopagia (Arcopagia) crassa2 Pennant 1777 tellin clam
"Tellina praetenuis" = Macoma (Macoma) praetenuis2 Leathes in Woodward 1830 tellin clam
"Tellina obliqua" = Macoma (Macoma) obliqua2 Sowerby 1817 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Semelidae
Abra obovalis2 Wood 1840 abra
Abra alba2 Wood 1802 abra
 Cardiida - Gastrochaenidae
"Gastrochaena dubia" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) dubia2
"Gastrochaena dubia" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) dubia2 Pennant 1777 clam
 Solenida - Solenidae
Solen siliqua2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
Solen ensis2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Solenida - Pharidae
"Solen gladiolus" = Ensis macha2, Cultellus tenuis2
"Solen gladiolus" = Ensis macha2 Molina 1782 clam
Cultellus tenuis2 Philippi 1836 clam
 Hiatellida - Hiatellidae
Panopea norvegica2, Panopea faujasii2, "Glycimeris angusta" = Glycymeris2, "Saxicava rugosa" = Hiatella2, "Saxicava arctica" = Hiatella arctica2
"Glycimeris angusta" = Glycymeris2 clam
"Saxicava rugosa" = Hiatella2 clam
"Saxicava arctica" = Hiatella arctica2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Carditida - Astartidae
Astarte crebrilirata2 Wood 1850 clam
Astarte sulcata2 Da Costa 1778 clam
"Astarte basterotii" = Isocrassina basteroti2 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
"Astarte obliquata" = Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
"Astarte burtinii" = Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata burtinea2 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
Astarte compressa2 Montague 1808 clam
Astarte digitaria2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
Astarte mutabilis2 Wood 1840 clam
Astarte gracilis2 Golfuss 1837 clam
Astarte incrassata2 Brocchi 1814 clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
Cardita senilis2 Lamarck 1805 clam
Cardita scalaris2 Sowerby 1825 clam
Cardita orbicularis2 Sowerby 1825 clam
Cardita chamaeformis2 Sowerby 1825 clam
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Nucula cobboldiae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae2, "Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus2
"Nucula cobboldiae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae2 Linnaeus 1767 divaricate nutclam
"Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus2 Linnaeus 1758 nut clam
 Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
Leda caudata2 Donovan 1802 pointed nut clam
 Nuculanida - Yoldiidae
"Leda myalis" = Yoldia (Yoldia) myalis2
"Leda myalis" = Yoldia (Yoldia) myalis2 Couthouy 1838 clam