Felixstowe, Suffolk [Red Crag] (Pliocene of the United Kingdom)

Where: England, United Kingdom (52.0° N, 1.3° E: paleocoordinates 52.0° N, 1.0° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Red Crag Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Red Crag, which is regionally overlies the Coralline Crag. AGE: Late Pliocene, according to Rayner, 1981 on the basis of foraminiferal and palynological biostratigraphy. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From unknown position within formation.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text, but siliciclastic based on observation of specimens. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, based on observation and figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original aragonite, original calcite

Collection methods: COLLECTOR: Not stated, but probably Stearns Wood, c. 1840's-1870's. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text.

Primary reference: S. V. Wood. 1848. A monograph of the Crag Mollusca or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper Tertiaries of the East of England. Part 1. Univalves 1-208 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 84819: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 13.11.2008

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for mollusca. Other volumes when entered will include bryozoa, brachiopoda, and anthozoa. NOMENCLATURE: Authoritative publication, but with antiquated nomenclature, which is revised where possible through more recent sources.
Bivalvia
 Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
"Leda oblongoides" = Nuculana2
"Leda oblongoides" = Nuculana2 pointed nut clam
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Nucula cobboldae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae2, "Nucula cobboldiae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae1, "Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata2, "Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus2
"Nucula cobboldae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae2 Linnaeus 1767 divaricate nutclam
"Nucula cobboldiae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae1 Linnaeus 1767 divaricate nutclam
"Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata2 Sowerby 1818 nut clam
"Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus2 Linnaeus 1758 nut clam
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Mytilus edulis2 Linnaeus 1758 mussel
reworked
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
Ostrea sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 oyster
 Pectinida - Limidae
Lima exilis2 Wood 1839 file clam
reworked
 Pectinida - Anomiidae
Anomia sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 jingle
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2, "Pecten maximus" = Pecten maxima2, "Pecten opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis2
"Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Pecten maximus" = Pecten maxima2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
reworked
"Pecten opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
"Pectunculus glycimeris" = Glycymeris2, "Pectunculus subobliquus" = Glycymeris2, "Pectunculus pilosus" = Glycymeris pilosa2
"Pectunculus glycimeris" = Glycymeris2 clam
"Pectunculus subobliquus" = Glycymeris2 clam
reworked
"Pectunculus pilosus" = Glycymeris pilosa2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
reworked
 Arcida - Arcidae
Arca lactea2 Linnaeus 1767 ark
 Carditida - Carditidae
Cardita scalaris2 Sowerby 1825 clam
Cardita senilis2 Lamarck 1805 clam
reworked
Cardita chamaeformis2 Sowerby 1825 clam
reworked
Cardita corbis2 Philippi 1836 clam
 Carditida - Astartidae
Astarte burtini2, Astarte incrassata2, "Astarte basterotii" = Isocrassina basteroti1, "Astarte omalii" = Isocrassina omalii2, Astarte crebrilirata2, Astarte compressa2, "Astarte obliquata" = Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata2, "Woodia digitaria" = Digitaria digitaria2
Astarte burtini2 clam
reworked
Astarte incrassata2 Brocchi 1814 clam
reworked
"Astarte basterotii" = Isocrassina basteroti1 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
"Astarte omalii" = Isocrassina omalii2 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
reworked
Astarte crebrilirata2 Wood 1850 clam
Astarte compressa2 Montague 1808 clam
"Astarte obliquata" = Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
"Woodia digitaria" = Digitaria digitaria2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Solenida - Solenidae
Solen siliqua2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
reworked
Solen ensis2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
reworked
 Hiatellida - Hiatellidae
Panopea faujasii2, "Saxicava arctica" = Hiatella arctica2
Panopea faujasii2 clam
reworked
"Saxicava arctica" = Hiatella arctica2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Cardiida - Gastrochaenidae
"Gastrochaena dubia" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) dubia2
"Gastrochaena dubia" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) dubia2 Pennant 1777 clam
reworked
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium edule" = Cerastoderma edule2 Linnaeus 1758 cockle
"Cardium decorticatum" = Laevicardium (Laevicardium) decorticatum2 Wood 1840 cockle
reworked
Cardium angustatum2 Sowerby 1821 cockle
Cardium venustum2 Wood 1840 cockle
"Cardium echinatum" = Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) echinata2 Linnaeus 1767 cockle
"Cardium parkinsoni" = Laevicardium (Dinocardium) parkinsoni2 Sowerby 1814 cockle
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
Gastrana laminosa2 Sowerby 1827 tellin clam
reworked
"Tellina obliqua" = Macoma (Macoma) obliqua2 Sowerby 1817 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Donacidae
Donax politus2 Poli 1791 clam
reworked
 Cardiida - Psammobiidae
"Psammobia sp." = Gari (Psammobia)2
"Psammobia sp." = Gari (Psammobia)2 clam
reworked
 Cardiida - Mactridae
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata2, Mactra ovalis2, Mactra procrassa n. sp.1
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
Mactra ovalis2 Sowerby 1817 clam
Mactra procrassa n. sp.1 Wood 1850 clam
 Cardiida - Arcticidae
"Cyprina islandica" = Arctica islandica2
"Cyprina islandica" = Arctica islandica2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
reworked
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Venus fasciata" = Clausinella fasciata2 da Costa 1778 venus clam
Artemis lentiformis2 Sowerby 1818 venus clam
reworked
Tapes pullastra2 venus clam
reworked
Tapes virgineus2 venus clam
reworked
"Cytherea chione" = Callista (Callista) chione2 Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
reworked
"Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis2 Poli 1795 venus clam
 Cardiida - Ungulinidae
Diplodonta astartea2 Nyst 1835 clam
 Pholadida - Pholadidae
"Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2, "Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2
"Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
reworked
"Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2 Sowerby 1818 clam
reworked
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
"Corbulomya complanata" = Lentidium (Lentidium) complanatum2, "Corbula striata" = Caryocorbula striata2
"Corbulomya complanata" = Lentidium (Lentidium) complanatum2 Sowerby 1822 clam
reworked
"Corbula striata" = Caryocorbula striata2 Lamarck 1801 clam
 Pholadida - Myidae
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria2
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria2 Linnaeus 1758 softshell clam
reworked
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
"Lucina borealis" = Lucinoma (Lucinoma) borealis2
"Lucina borealis" = Lucinoma (Lucinoma) borealis2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium dentalis2 tusk shell
Dentalium entalis2 tusk shell
Gastropoda
 Opisthobranchia - Cylichnidae
"Bulla cylindracea" = Cylichna (Cylichna) cylindracea2
"Bulla cylindracea" = Cylichna (Cylichna) cylindracea2 Pennant 1777 snail
 Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
Ringicula buccinea2 Sowerby 1823 snail
 Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
"Chemnitzia internodula" = Turbonilla (Pyrgolidium) internodula2
"Chemnitzia internodula" = Turbonilla (Pyrgolidium) internodula2 Wood 1848 snail
 Heterostropha - Ellobiidae
"Melampus pyramidalis" = Ellobium pyramidale2
"Melampus pyramidalis" = Ellobium pyramidale2 Sowerby 1822 snail
 Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Calyptraea chinensis2 Linnaeus 1758 slipper shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Littorinidae
Littorina littorea2, "Lacuna (Medoria) terebellata" = Eula terebellata2, Eulimene pendula2
Littorina littorea2 periwinkle
"Lacuna (Medoria) terebellata" = Eula terebellata2 Nyst 1835 periwinkle
reworked
Eulimene pendula2 periwinkle
 Sorbeoconcha - Rissoidae
"Rissoa curticostata" = Rissoa (Turboella) curticostata2
"Rissoa curticostata" = Rissoa (Turboella) curticostata2 Wood 1848 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
Rostellaria gracilenta2 Wood 1882 true conch
 Sorbeoconcha - Rostellariidae
"Rostellaria lucida" = Tibia (Eotibia) lucida2
"Rostellaria lucida" = Tibia (Eotibia) lucida2 Sowerby 1815 snail
reworked
 Sorbeoconcha - Aporrhaidae
"Aporrhais pespelicani" = Aporrhais pespelecani2
"Aporrhais pespelicani" = Aporrhais pespelecani2 Linnaeus 1758 snail
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
"Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona2, Trophon costifer2, Trophon olavii2, Trophon elegans, Trophon muricatus2, "Trophon scalariformis" = Boreotrophon clathratus2, "Trophon gracilis" = Trophon (Boreotrophon) gracilis2, Murex tortuosus2, "Purpura incrassata" = Nucella incrassata2, "Purpura lapillus" = Nucella lapillus2
"Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona2 Sowerby 1825 murex snail
reworked
Trophon costifer2 murex snail
reworked
Trophon olavii2 murex snail
Trophon elegans Charlesworth 1837 murex snail
Trophon muricatus2 Montagu 1803 murex snail
INCLUDES SUBSPECIES: Trophon muricatus exossus
"Trophon scalariformis" = Boreotrophon clathratus2 Linnaeus 1767 murex snail
"Trophon gracilis" = Trophon (Boreotrophon) gracilis2 Perry 1811 murex snail
Murex tortuosus2 murex snail
reworked
"Purpura incrassata" = Nucella incrassata2 Sowerby 1825 murex snail
"Purpura lapillus" = Nucella lapillus2 Linnaeus 1758 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
"Voluta lamberti" = Scaphella (Scaphella) lamberti2
"Voluta lamberti" = Scaphella (Scaphella) lamberti2 Sowerby 1823 volute
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Cancellaria (Admete) viridula2 Fabricius 1780 admete
Cancellaria scalaroides2 snail
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Drilliidae
"Pleurotoma scalaris" = Spirotropis badensis2
"Pleurotoma scalaris" = Spirotropis badensis2 Janssen 1993 snail
 Neogastropoda - Raphitomidae
Raphitoma submarginata2 Bellardi 1847 snail
 Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
"Pleurotoma nebula" = Mangelia nebula2
"Pleurotoma nebula" = Mangelia nebula2 Montagu 1803 snail
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Terebra canalis2 Wood 1848 auger snail
reworked
Terebra inversa2 Nyst 1843 auger snail
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
"Pleurotoma interrupta" = Turris2, "Pleurotoma trevelyana" = Turris2, "Pleurotoma costata" = Turris2, Pleurotoma turricula2, Pleurotoma turris2
"Pleurotoma interrupta" = Turris2 turrid
reworked
"Pleurotoma trevelyana" = Turris2 turrid
"Pleurotoma costata" = Turris2 turrid
Pleurotoma turricula2 Montagu 1803 turrid
Pleurotoma turris2 Lamarck 1822 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
"Nassa granulata" = Nassarius granulatus2, "Nassa pygmaea" = Nassarius pygmaeus2, "Nassa incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus2, "Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus2, "Nassa reticosa" = Nassarius (Uzita) reticosus2, "Nassa consociata" = Nassarius (Tritonella) consociatus2, "Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa2
"Nassa granulata" = Nassarius granulatus2 Sowerby 1815 snail
"Nassa pygmaea" = Nassarius pygmaeus2 Lamarck 1822 snail
"Nassa incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus2 Müller 1773 snail
"Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus2 Sowerby 1824 snail
reworked
"Nassa reticosa" = Nassarius (Uzita) reticosus2 Sowerby 1815 snail
reworked
"Nassa consociata" = Nassarius (Tritonella) consociatus2 Wood 1848 snail
reworked
"Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa2 Sowerby 1824 snail
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
Columbella sulcata2 Sowerby 1823 snail
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
"Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei2, "Trophon alveolatus" = Scalaspira (Scalaspira) alveolatus2, Buccinum undatum2, "Trophon altus" = Colus altus2
"Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei2 Sowerby 1825 true whelk
"Trophon alveolatus" = Scalaspira (Scalaspira) alveolatus2 Sowerby 1829 true whelk
reworked
Buccinum undatum2 Linnaeus 1758 true whelk
"Trophon altus" = Colus altus2 Wood 1874 true whelk
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Cassidaria bicatenata" = Galeodea bicatenata
"Cassidaria bicatenata" = Galeodea bicatenata Sowerby 1815 snail
reworked
 Sorbeoconcha - Triviidae
"Cypraea europaea" = Trivia (Trivia) europaea2, "Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana2
"Cypraea europaea" = Trivia (Trivia) europaea2 Montfort 1808 snail
originally entered Cypraea europea
"Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana2 Sowerby 1823 snail
reworked
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
"Vermetus intortus" = Petaloconchus intortus2
"Vermetus intortus" = Petaloconchus intortus2 Lamarck 1818 worm shell
reworked
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Natica clausa" = Cryptonatica affinis2, Natica multipunctata2, "Natica catenoides" = Euspira catenoides2, "Natica hemiclausa" = Euspira helicina hemiclausa2, "Natica catena" = Euspira catena2
"Natica clausa" = Cryptonatica affinis2 Gmelin 1791 moon snail
"Natica catenoides" = Euspira catenoides2 Wood 1842 moon snail
"Natica hemiclausa" = Euspira helicina hemiclausa2 Sowerby 1824 moon snail
"Natica catena" = Euspira catena2 da Costa 1778 moon snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Capulidae
Capulus ungaricus2 Linnaeus 1758 snail
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
"Scalaria funiculus" = Cirsotrema funiculus2, "Scalaria foliacea" = Epitonium foliaceum2
"Scalaria funiculus" = Cirsotrema funiculus2 Wood 1872 wentletrap
reworked
"Scalaria foliacea" = Epitonium foliaceum2 Sowerby 1825 wentletrap
reworked
 Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae
"Eulima intermedia" = Polygyreulima intermedia2
"Eulima intermedia" = Polygyreulima intermedia2 Cantraine 1835 snail
reworked
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
"Turritella incrassata" = Turritella (Haustator) incrassata2
"Turritella incrassata" = Turritella (Haustator) incrassata2 Sowerby 1814 turret shell
reworked
 Cerithioidea - Potamididae
"Cerithium tricinctum" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus2
"Cerithium tricinctum" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus2 Brocchi 1814 horn snail
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
Cerithium granosum2 Wood 1842 cerith snail
Cerithium variculosum2 Nyst 1844 cerith snail
reworked
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
"Trochus cinerarius" = Gibbula cineraria2, Trochus montacuti2, Trochus tumidus2, "Trochus zizyphinus" = Calliostoma zizyphinum2
"Trochus cinerarius" = Gibbula cineraria2 Linnaeus 1758 top snail
reworked
Trochus montacuti2 top snail
Trochus tumidus2 top snail
"Trochus zizyphinus" = Calliostoma zizyphinum2 Linnaeus 1758 top snail
reworked
 Lepetellida - Fissurellidae
"Fissurella graeca" = Diodora graeca2, Emarginula fissura2
"Fissurella graeca" = Diodora graeca2 Linnaeus 1758 snail
Emarginula fissura2 Linnaeus 1758 snail
 Patellida - Acmaeidae