Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Hemiasteridae
Alternative spelling: Hemiasteroidae
Full reference: H. L. Clark. 1917. Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Echinoneidae, Nucleolitidae, Urechinida, Echinocorythidae, Calymnidae, Pourtalesiidae, Palaeostomatidae, Aeropside, Palaeopneustidae, Hemiasteridae, and Spatangidae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 46:81-283
Parent taxon: Spatangoida according to A. Kroh and A. B. Smith 2010
See also Berndt 2003, Donovan 1993, Fischer 1966, Grant and Hertlein 1938, Manso and Andrade 2008, McNamara 1987, Parma and CasadÃo 2005, Smith 1991 and Smith 1995
Sister taxa: Allotoxaster, Amoraster, Apoxypetalum, Archaeopneustes, Asterostomatina, Barnumia, Brissidina, Brissoides, Cagaster, Cestobrissus, Cottreaucorys, Echinocoridae, Enichaster, Gonzalezaster, Hemiasterina, Homoeopetalus, Hypselaster, Kertaster, Leymeriaster, Micrasterina, Mundaster, Murraypneustes, Neoproraster, Niponaster, Nudobrissus, Orthaster, Palaeostomidae, Paleopneustina, Paraheteraster, Peraspatangus, Peroniaster, Pictaviechinus, Pliotoxaster, Pseudogibbaster, Pseudolinthia, Pseudowashitaster, Pusillaster, Royasendia, Somalechinus, Somaliasteridae, Spatagobrissus, Tessieria, Toxasteridae, Toxasterina, Wuarnia
Subtaxa: Cheopsia Crucibrissus Distefanaster Ditremaster Eoagassizia Hemiaster Heterolampas Holcopneustes Hypsopatagus Isopetalum Mecaster Palhemiaster Periaster Psephoaster Tripylaster Vomeraster Washitaster
Ecology: slow-moving shallow infaunal deposit feeder-detritivore
Distribution:
• Pliocene of Holy See (Vatican City State) (1 collection), Papua New Guinea (1)
• Miocene of Australia (7), Austria (1), Egypt (1), India (1), Italy (4), New Caledonia (1)
• Oligocene of Australia (4)
• Eocene of Australia (2), Cuba (2), India (1), Pakistan (1), Qatar (1), Spain (2), the United Kingdom (5), United States (3: Alabama, California, Florida)
• Paleocene to Eocene of Australia (1)
• Paleocene of Argentina (2), Austria (2), Denmark (1), Egypt (1), France (1), Libya (1), Nigeria (1), Spain (1), United States (9: Alabama, California, New Jersey)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of the Netherlands (4)
• Cretaceous of Algeria (1), Antarctica (10), Argentina (1), Belgium (8), Brazil (156), Cameroon (1), Canada (1: British Columbia), the Czech Republic (1), Egypt (57), France (55), Gabon (5), Germany (6), Greenland (1), Guatemala (1), India (1), Israel (1), Jamaica (5), Japan (2), Jordan (3), Madagascar (5), Mexico (12), Mozambique (4), the Netherlands (6), Nigeria (17), Oman (2), Peru (9), Portugal (2), the Russian Federation (2), Saudi Arabia (3), South Africa (1), Spain (31), Switzerland (1), Tunisia (1), Turkey (1), USSR (2), the United Arab Emirates (1), the United Kingdom (5), United States (120: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Mississippi, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wyoming)
Total: 603 collections including 699 occurrences