Bivalvia - Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Parent taxon: Spondylidae according to T. J. Wild and J. D. Stilwell 2016
See also Bouchet et al. 2010, Coan and Valentich-Scott 2012, Dockery 1982, Islamoglu and Taner 1995, Lamprell and Healy 1998, Moore 1987, Olsson 1931, Perrilliat 1992, Sepkoski 2002, Spencer et al. 2004, Squires 1984, Squires 1999, Squires and Demetrion 1990, Squires and Demetrion 1992, Stanton 1895, Stilwell 1998, Todd 2001, Vokes 1980, Vokes and Vokes 1992, Woodring 1982 and Wozny 1977
Sister taxa: Spondylinae, Spondylopectininae, Dianchora
Subtaxa: Spondylus (Corallospondylus) Spondylus (Spondylus) Spondylus americanus Spondylus angolensis Spondylus aratus Spondylus barbatus Spondylus batequensis Spondylus bifrons Spondylus bostrychites Spondylus buchi Spondylus calcaratus Spondylus calcifer Spondylus candidus Spondylus carlosensis Spondylus cassianus Spondylus castus Spondylus chipolanus Spondylus chiriquiensis Spondylus ciliatus Spondylus cliffensis Spondylus colombiensis Spondylus concentricus Spondylus crassicosta Spondylus crassisquama Spondylus decussatus Spondylus dumosus Spondylus estrallensis Spondylus fimbriatus Spondylus fragilis Spondylus gaderopoides Spondylus gaederopus Spondylus gumanomocon Spondylus hystrix Spondylus inezana Spondylus lamellacea Spondylus lucasi Spondylus mimus Spondylus mucronatus Spondylus multisetosus Spondylus oballosensis Spondylus olssoni Spondylus ornatissimus Spondylus ostreoides Spondylus perrini Spondylus princeps Spondylus pseudoradula Spondylus quadricostatus Spondylus radula Spondylus raoulensis Spondylus regius Spondylus reticulatus Spondylus rotundatus Spondylus rugosus Spondylus scotti Spondylus sondeianus Spondylus spectrum Spondylus spinosus Spondylus spinosus Spondylus subnodosus Spondylus subplicatus Spondylus subsquamosus Spondylus subvelatus Spondylus tenella Spondylus tenuispina Spondylus victoriae Spondylus wrightianus
Type: Spondylus gaederopus
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Angola (1 collection), Australia (3), the Bahamas (3), Bermuda (6), Cape Verde (1), Cuba (2), Djibouti (4), the Dominican Republic (2), Egypt (3), Eritrea (2), France (2), Greece (5), Haiti (2), Italy (4), Japan (4), Jordan (2), Kenya (10), Mexico (4), Morocco (1), Mozambique (1), New Zealand (8), Panama (1), Saudi Arabia (8), the Seychelles (2), Spain (3), Sudan (1), United States (12: Florida, Hawaii), Vanuatu (1), Yemen (3)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Malaysia (1)
• Pliocene of Australia (1), Colombia (2), Costa Rica (2), Cyprus (1), the Dominican Republic (15), Ecuador (1), Fiji (2), Greece (3), Haiti (1), Holy See (Vatican City State) (1), Indonesia (2), Italy (2), Jamaica (4), Japan (2), Mexico (8), Panama (5), Portugal (1), Spain (2), United States (8: California, Florida, South Carolina), Venezuela (3)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Aruba (2), Australia (2), the Dominican Republic (1), Indonesia (1), the Netherlands Antilles (8)
• Miocene of Algeria (8), Anguilla (1), Australia (12), Austria (1), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1), Brazil (4), Bulgaria (4), Colombia (9), Cyprus (2), the Dominican Republic (25), Fiji (3), France (2), Greece (3), Grenada (2), Haiti (2), India (1), Indonesia (2), Iran (2), Italy (5), Jamaica (2), Japan (2), Libya (1), Madagascar (1), Malta (4), Mexico (3), Moldova (4), Morocco (4), New Zealand (1), Northern Mariana Islands (1), Panama (14), Poland (7), Portugal (4), Puerto Rico (2), Slovakia (3), Somalia (4), South Africa (1), Spain (2), Sri Lanka (4), United States (9: California, Florida), Vanuatu (1), Venezuela (4)
• Oligocene to Miocene of United States (2: Florida)
• Oligocene of Antigua and Barbuda (1), Australia (1), Bulgaria (3), Germany (1), Haiti (1), Israel (1), Italy (1), Jamaica (1), Puerto Rico (1), Somalia (3), Turkey (1), United States (26: Alabama, California, Georgia, Mississippi), Venezuela (1)
• Eocene to Oligocene of United States (1: Alabama)
• Eocene of Australia (7), Bahrain (2), Bulgaria (16), China (1), Colombia (4), Egypt (1), France (4), Germany (1), Haiti (2), Hungary (1), India (3), Italy (4), Mexico (6), New Zealand (9), Pakistan (1), Panama (3), Peru (1), Poland (2), Romania (10), Saudi Arabia (1), Senegal (1), Somalia (1), Spain (7), Trinidad and Tobago (1), Turkey (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (58: Alabama, California, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Washington)
• Paleocene of Austria (1), Belgium (1), Denmark (2), Egypt (1), France (1), New Zealand (1), Niger (1), United States (1: Alabama)
• Cretaceous of Afghanistan (1), Argentina (3), Australia (1), Austria (1), Belgium (2), Bulgaria (2), Colombia (1), Cuba (1), the Czech Republic (7), Denmark (3), Egypt (2), France (10), Germany (7), Hungary (1), India (1), Indian Ocean (1), Iran (1), Italy (3), Japan (11), Kazakhstan (2), Libya (3), Madagascar (1), Mexico (2), Mozambique (1), the Netherlands (1), New Zealand (10), Nigeria (1), Oman (2), Pakistan (1), Peru (1), Poland (11), Portugal (3), the Russian Federation (1), Saudi Arabia (2), Serbia and Montenegro (1), Somalia (1), South Africa (1), Spain (10), Sweden (3), Switzerland (3), Trinidad and Tobago (1), Tunisia (1), Turkey (4), Turkmenistan (1), USSR (2), Ukraine (1), the United Arab Emirates (1), the United Kingdom (6), United States (59: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Mississippi, New Jersey, Texas)
• Jurassic of Antarctica (1), France (4), Germany (1), India (3), Madagascar (1), Portugal (4), United States (1: Alaska)
• Triassic of Indonesia (3), Italy (3)
Total: 769 collections including 905 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
Click image to enlarge. Click to access iDigBio record.