Rhynchonellata - Spiriferida - Delthyrididae
Invalid subtaxa: Crispella Kozlowski 1929 [replaced name], Spirifer (Crispella) Kozlowski 1929 [replaced name]
Full reference: R. Kozlowski. 1946. Howellella, a new name for Crispella Kozlowski, 1929. Journal of Paleontology 20:295-295
Parent taxon: Howellellinae according to A. Williams et al. 2006
See also Bassett and Cocks 1974, Jones 1982, Jones et al. 1969, Kirk and Amsden 1952, Kozlowski 1946 and Sepkoski 2002
Sister taxa: Acanthospirifer, Aldanispirifer, Howelloidea, Orientospirifer, Pseudokymatothyris, Qiansispirifer, Quiringites, Rufispirifer
Subtaxa: Howellella (Hysterohowellella) Howellella anglica Howellella crispa Howellella cycloptera Howellella elegans Howellella porcata Howellella subinsignis Howellella textilis
Type: Terebratula crispa
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Devonian of Algeria (1 collection), Argentina (1), Australia (40), Austria (2), Belarus (2), Canada (63: British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Yukon), China (31), the Czech Republic (10), France (22), Kazakhstan (1), Kyrgyzstan (1), Mongolia (4), Morocco (3), Poland (2), the Russian Federation (18), Spain (4), Ukraine (11), United States (49: Alaska, California, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania), Vietnam (9)
• Jaani of Estonia (6), Lithuania (3)
• Niagaran of Canada (3: Québec)
• Silurian to Devonian of Algeria (1), Australia (1), United States (1: Oklahoma)
• Silurian of Argentina (1), Australia (11), Belarus (3), Canada (73: Manitoba, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Québec, Yukon, Yukon Territory), China (31), the Czech Republic (2), Estonia (21), Ireland (1), Jordan (2), Latvia (1), Lithuania (27), Mexico (3), Mongolia (6), Morocco (1), Norway (2), Poland (2), the Russian Federation (11), Spain (2), Sweden (22), Ukraine (10), the United Kingdom (54), United States (75: Arkansas, California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Michigan and Ohio, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin), Venezuela (2)
Total: 652 collections including 703 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
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