Alternative spelling: Phlyctaeniina
Parent taxon: Arthrodira according to R. H. Denison 1984
See also Denison 1975 and Denison 1978
Sister taxa: Acanthaspida, Actinolepina, Africanaspis, Antarctolepis, Arctolepidae, Arctonema, Arenipiscis, Aspidichthys, Atlantidosteus, Brachydeirina, Brachythoraci, Bruntonichthys, Bullerichthys, Bungartiidae, Burrinijucosteus, Callognathus, Camuropiscidae, Coccosteina, Copanognathus, Cosmacanthus, Cravenaspis, Diplognathus, Erikaspis, Errolosteus, Eskimaspis, Euarthrodira, Eubrachythoraci, Glyptaspis, Goodradigbeeon, Grazosteus, Groenlandaspididae, Harrytoombsia, Heintzosteus, Heterostiina, Hollardosteus, Holonematina, Incisoscutoidea, Kendrickichthys, Kimberleyichthys, Kueichowlepis, Latocamurus, Laurentaspis, Lurapullaspis, Machaerognathus, Mcnamaraspis, Murmur, Mylostomatidae, Operchallosteus, Overtonaspis, Pachyosteidae, Pachyosteina, Parawilliamsaspis, Phylctaeniida, Platyaspis, Prescottaspis, Qataraspis, Rhachiosteidae, Rolfosteus, Selenosteidae, Squamatognathus, Stegophthalami, Taemasosteus, Taunaspis, Temnothoraci, Timanosteus, Titanichthyidae, Toombalepis, Toombsosteus, Torosteus, Trachosteus, Tubonasus, Wheathillaspis, Wuttagoonaspina, Yinosteus, Phlyctaenioidei, Phyllolepidoidei, Brachythoracoidei, Actinolepidoidei
Subtaxa: Holonematidae Phlyctaeniidae
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Devonian of Antarctica (2 collections), Australia (1), Belarus (2), Estonia (4), Iran (1), Latvia (2), Norway (1), Poland (1), South Africa (1), United States (2: Pennsylvania)
Total: 17 collections including 22 occurrences