Family Bufonidae Gray 1825 (toad)

Amphibia - Salientia - Bufonidae

Parent taxon: Neobatrachia according to C. Gissi et al. 2006

See also Böhme 2010, Carroll 1988, Cope 1875, Frank and Ramus 1996, Gadow 1898, Hoegg et al. 2004, Holman et al. 1990, Kuhn 1946, Sanchiz 1998 and Venczel and Stiuca 2008

Sister taxa: Arariphrynus, Australobatrachia, Ceratophryidae, Ceratophrynidae, Cratia, Eurycephalella, Heleophrynidae, Hungarobatrachus, Hyloidea, Mariliabatrachus, Primaevorana, Ranoidea, Sooglossidae, Telmatobiidae

Subtaxa: Anaxyrus Bufo Bufotes Epidalea Peltophryne Rhinella

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Ecology: amphibious carnivore

Distribution:

• Quaternary of Austria (1 collection), Belgium (1), Bolivia (2), Canada (2: British Columbia, Quebec), Chile (1), Croatia (1), France (25), Georgia (1), Germany (8), Greece (14), Hungary (9), India (1), Italy (14), Japan (1), Malta (1), Mexico (2), Morocco (2), the Netherlands (1), Niger (1), Northern Mariana Islands (2), Peru (1), the Philippines (2), Poland (10), Romania (1), Spain (26), Tunisia (1), the United Kingdom (23), United States (65: Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Sussex, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)

• Blancan of United States (5: Arizona, Kansas, Nebraska)

• Pliocene to Pleistocene of France (1), Hungary (3)

• Pliocene of Argentina (3), Greece (2), Hungary (7), Italy (3), Morocco (1), Poland (3), Romania (1), Slovakia (1), Spain (5), Turkey (2), United States (1: Oregon)

• Montehermosan of Argentina (5)

• Hemphillian of Mexico (1), United States (8: Arizona, Florida, Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska)

• Miocene to Pliocene of Argentina (1)

• Miocene of Austria (2), Canada (1: Saskatchewan), Chile (1), China (2), Colombia (1), the Czech Republic (1), Germany (4), Hungary (2), Italy (4), Kazakhstan (2), Moldova (2), Romania (2), the Russian Federation (2), Slovakia (1), Spain (2), Turkey (1), Ukraine (1), United States (15: Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, South Dakota)

• Oligocene of United States (1: Florida)

• Eocene to Miocene of France (1)

• Eocene of Switzerland (1)

• Paleocene of France (1)

• Cretaceous of Portugal (1)

Total: 323 collections including 440 occurrences

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