Reptilia - Testudines - Kinosternoidea
Alternative spellings: Cinosternidae, Kinosternidae
Full reference: O. P. Hay. 1892. The batrachians and reptiles of the State of Indiana. Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources 17:409-602
Parent taxon: Trionychoidea according to M. T. Carrano 2025
See also Baur 1893, Bourque 2013, Bourque et al. 2015, Brinkman et al. 2016, Cadena et al. 2017, Cadena et al. 2012, Carroll 1988, Cope 1871, Cope 1875, Danilov and Parham 2008, de Broin and de la Fuente 1993, Gadow 1898, Hutchison et al. 2013, Jaekel 1911, Joyce 2007, Joyce and Bourque 2016, Joyce et al. 2004, Knauss et al. 2011, Kuhn 1946, Perrier 1928, Shoshani et al. 1989, Sullivan et al. 2012, van Dijk et al. 2014 and Weems and George 2001
Sister taxa: Adocidae, Basilochelys, Peltochelyidae, Planetochelyidae, Sinaspideretes
Subtaxa: Aromochelys Cinosternum Kinosternidae Pandermatemys
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Canada (1: Quebec collection), Colombia (1), Ecuador (1), Mexico (6), United States (16: Florida, Georgia, Kansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas)
• Blancan of El Salvador (1), Mexico (3), United States (9: Arizona, Florida, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico)
• Hemphillian of Mexico (1), United States (6: Florida, Nebraska, Tennessee)
• Miocene of Panama (1), United States (12: Delaware, Florida, Kansas, Maryland, Nebraska, New Mexico, Texas)
• Arikareean of United States (1: Florida)
• Eocene of Canada (1: Northwest Territories), United States (78: Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming)
• Clarkforkian of United States (14: Colorado, South Carolina, Wyoming)
• Paleocene of United States (34: Alabama, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Wyoming)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of United States (2: New Jersey)
• Cretaceous of Canada (1: Saskatchewan), China (2), Mexico (11), United States (24: Georgia, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Texas, Utah)
Total: 226 collections including 241 occurrences