Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Alternative spelling: Hyaenadae
Synonyms: Protelidae Flower 1869, Protelinae Flower 1869
Full reference: J. E. Gray. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310
Parent taxon: Viverroidea according to A. Hassanin et al. 2021
See also Carroll 1988, Cope 1875, Cope 1889, Flower 1883, Flower and Lydekker 1891, Flynn and Galiano 1982, Galiano and Frailey 1977, Gray 1821, Hay 1902, Hendey 1974, Hunt 1989, Hunt 1998, Jaekel 1911, Koehler and Richardson 1990, Koepfli et al. 2006, Kurten 1968, Kurten and Anderson 1980, McKenna and Bell 1997, Mivart 1882 and Nowak 1991
Sister taxa: Eupleridae, Herpestidae, Viverridae
Subtaxa: Adcrocuta Allohyaena Belbus Chasmaporthetes Crocuta Euryboas Gansuyaena Hyaena Hyaenictis Hyaenictitherium Hyaeninae Hyaenotherium Ictitheriinae Ictitherium Ikelohyaena Leecyaena Lepthyaena Lycaena Lycyaena Lycyaenops Mesoviverrops Miohyaenotherium Pachycrocuta Palinhyaena Parahyaena Pliocrocuta Plioviverrops Proteles Protoviverrops Thalassictis Tongxinictis Tungurictis
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Algeria (2 collections), Austria (1), Belgium (1), China (21), Croatia (1), the Czech Republic (2), Djibouti (1), Egypt (5), Ethiopia (7), France (23), Georgia (2), Germany (9), Gibraltar (1), Greece (14), Hungary (2), India (1), Indonesia (1), Israel (3), Italy (18), Kazakhstan (2), Kenya (23), Kyrgyzstan (1), Libya (1), Monaco (2), Mongolia (1), Morocco (7), the Netherlands (3), North Atlantic (1), Pakistan (2), Portugal (1), Romania (5), the Russian Federation (2), Saudi Arabia (1), South Africa (32), Spain (15), Sudan (4), Swaziland (1), Syria (2), Taiwan (1), Tajikistan (1), Tanzania (10), Thailand (1), Turkey (2), the United Kingdom (10), United States (6: Arizona, Florida, Pennsylvania), Zambia (2)
• Blancan of Mexico (3), United States (7: Arizona, Florida, Kansas, Texas)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Bulgaria (1), China (1), the Congo-Kinshasa (1), Ethiopia (1), France (2), Greece (1), Indonesia (2), Italy (3), Kenya (8), South Africa (8), Tajikistan (1), Turkey (1)
• Pliocene of Bulgaria (1), Chad (1), China (8), Egypt (2), Ethiopia (6), France (2), Greece (1), Hungary (1), India (1), Italy (1), Kenya (7), Morocco (2), Romania (1), the Russian Federation (6), Slovakia (1), South Africa (11), Spain (4), Taiwan (1), Tajikistan (1), Tanzania (20), Turkey (1), Ukraine (1)
• MN 13 of China (1)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Chad (1), Ethiopia (2), Kenya (3), South Africa (5), Uganda (2)
• Miocene to Pleistocene of the Netherlands (1), South Africa (1), Spain (1)
• Miocene of Afghanistan (1), Algeria (2), Austria (1), Bulgaria (5), Chad (1), China (19), Egypt (1), France (9), Georgia (4), Germany (4), Greece (27), Hungary (2), Italy (2), Kazakhstan (1), Kenya (6), Kyrgyzstan (2), Libya (5), Moldova (8), Morocco (1), Pakistan (3), Romania (1), the Russian Federation (2), Slovakia (1), Spain (9), Tajikistan (2), Tunisia (2), Turkey (8), Ukraine (7)
Total: 527 collections including 738 occurrences