Order Pennatulacea (sea pen)

Anthozoa - Pennatulacea

Parent taxon: Octocorallia according to C. S. McFadden et al. 2021

See also Goedert et al. 2022 and Sepkoski 2002

Sister taxa: Alcyonacea, Coenothecalia, Echmatocrinidae, Ellisella, Gorgonacea, Helioporacea, Heterocorallia, Plexauridae, Trachypsammia, Waiparaconidae

Subtaxa: Glyptosceptron Graphularia Pachysceptron Palaeosceptron Pavonaria Prographularia Pteroeides Virgularia

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Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder-carnivore

Distribution:

• Quaternary of Argentina (1 collection)

• Miocene of Germany (2), New Zealand (1)

• Waitakian of New Zealand (1)

• Oligocene of Australia (2), New Zealand (3)

• Eocene of New Zealand (1), the United Kingdom (9)

• Paleocene of Austria (2), Denmark (1), Egypt (1), the Netherlands (2), Ukraine (1), United States (4: Alabama, New Jersey)

• Cretaceous of Germany (1), the Netherlands (7), Ukraine (1)

Total: 40 collections each including a single occurrence

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