Reptilia - Squamata - Colubridae
Parent taxon: Colubridae according to O. W. M. Kuhn 1966
See also Greene 1997, Parmley and Holman 1995, Parmley and Hunter 2010 and Perrier 1928
Sister taxa: Abastor, Aglypha, Alsophis, Apostolepis, Bascanium, Carphophis, Cemophora, Chilomeniscus, Chionactis, Coluber owenii, Colubrinae, Coniophanes, Contia, Cyclophis, Dendrelaphis, Diadophis, Dipsadinae, Dromicus, Dryinoides, Drymarchon, Eutaenia, Farancia, Gyalopion, Haldea, Helicops, Hierophis, Hispanophis, Homalopsinae, Hypsiglena, Leioheterodon, Lodia, Lycodon, Malpolon, Mionatrix, Natricinae, Natrix, Ophibolus, Opisthoglypha, Osceola, Palaelaphis, Palaeomalpolon, Palaeonatrix, Paleofarancia, Pantherophis, Paraoxybelis, Paraxenophis, Periergophis, Phimothyra, Pollackophis, Proteroglypha, Pseudoboa, Pseudocemophora, Pylmophis, Rhinechis, Rhinocheilus, Sibon, Sonora, Spilotes, Storeria, Tachyophis, Tantilla, Thamnophis, Tretanorhinus, Trimorphodon, Tropidoclonium, Tropidonotus, Zamenis
Subtaxa: Heterodon Paleoheterodon
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of United States (31: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, West Virginia collections)
• Blancan of United States (6: Kansas, Nebraska)
• Hemphillian of United States (7: Arizona, Indiana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas)
• Miocene of France (4), Italy (1), United States (13: Florida, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota)
Total: 62 collections including 74 occurrences