Angiospermae - Rosales - Rhamnaceae
Full reference: C. Linnaeus. 1753. Species Plantarum 1-1200
Parent taxon: Rhamnaceae according to R. N. Lakhanpal et al. 1976
See also Chandler 1963, Chauhan 1991, Knowlton 1899, Knowlton 1919, Liu et al. 1996, Mabberley 2000 and MacGinitie 1941
Sister taxa: Alphitonia, Archaeopaliurus, Berchemia, Berchemiopsis, Berhamniphyllum, Ceanothus, Colubrina, Condalia, Emmenosperma, Eorhamnidium, Helobiaephyllum, Hovenia, Hoveniphyllum, Karwinskia, Lasiodiscus, Nothiantha, Notiantha, Paliurites, Paliurus, Phyliceae, Pomaderris, Pomaderrites, Protolotus, Reynosia, Rhamnacinium, Rhamneaepites, Rhamnella, Rhamnidium, Rhamnites, Rhamnospermum, Rhamnoxylon, Suessenia, Ventilago, Ziziphus, Zizyphoxylon, Zizyphus
Subtaxa: Rhamnus (Frangula) Rhamnus acuminatifolius Rhamnus acuta Rhamnus alaternoides Rhamnus belmontensis Rhamnus californica Rhamnus calyptus Rhamnus cleburni Rhamnus coushatta Rhamnus crenatulus Rhamnus crenatus Rhamnus dechenii Rhamnus deformatus Rhamnus deletus Rhamnus elegans Rhamnus eoligniticus Rhamnus eorectinervis Rhamnus eridani Rhamnus fischeri Rhamnus florissantensis Rhamnus gaudini Rhamnus goldianus Rhamnus hemsleyana Rhamnus inaequilateralis Rhamnus intermedius Rhamnus kansensis Rhamnus kirchneri Rhamnus lesquereuxi Rhamnus marginatus Rhamnus meriani Rhamnus mudgei Rhamnus newberryi Rhamnus novaecaesareae Rhamnus obovatus Rhamnus parvifolia Rhamnus plenus Rhamnus precalifornica Rhamnus prunifolius Rhamnus purshiana Rhamnus puryearensis Rhamnus quilchensis Rhamnus rectinervis Rhamnus revoluta Rhamnus salicifolius Rhamnus similis Rhamnus tenax Rhamnus utilis Rhamnus virgata Rhamnus washakiensis Rhamnus williardi Rhamnus woottonensis
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Quaternary of France (1 collection), India (1)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of China (1)
• Pliocene of Germany (2), United States (1: Nevada)
• Hemphillian of United States (1: California)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Japan (2)
• Miocene of China (1), Germany (12), the Russian Federation (1), Switzerland (1), United States (5: California, Nevada)
• Neogene of China (1)
• Oligocene of United States (2: Idaho, Montana)
• Eocene of China (4), Japan (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (7: California, Colorado, Wyoming)
• Paleocene of United States (16: Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Wyoming)
• Cretaceous of United States (33: Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming)
Total: 94 collections including 102 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
Click image to enlarge. Click to access iDigBio record.