Gastropoda - Trochoidea - Turbinidae
Synonyms: Astraeinae Davies 1935, Astraliinae Adams and Adams 1854, Imperactorinae Gray 1847, Imperatorinae Gray 1847, Senectinae Swainson 1840
Parent taxon: Turbinidae according to B. M. Landau et al. 2016
See also Beesley 1998, Beu et al. 1990, Bouchet et al. 2005, Harzhauser 2002, Harzhauser 2004, Knight et al. 1960, Landau and Marques da Silva 2010, Lozouet et al. 2001, MacNeil 1960, Pacaud and Le Renard 1995, Petuch 1997 and Wilson 1993
Sister taxa: Angariinae, Anomphalinae, Arene, Astraea, Bakonyia, Bandelastraea, Coelobolma, Cynisca, Fischeriella, Flacilla, Galeoastraea, Gelasinostoma, Guizhouia, Homalopoma, Kaurnella, Klebyella, Littorinolacuna, Macrarene, Margaritinae, Moelleriinae, Moreanellinae, Nemrac, Odoardia, Prisogaster, Prisogasterinae, Prototurbo, Torallochus, Turboidea
Subtaxa: Astralium Barbotella Bolma Calcar Deikella Guildfordia Heteroninella Imperator Lithopoma Nummogaultina Pseudastralium Pseudophasianus Rothpletzella Sarmaturbo Tectariopsis Turbo
Ecology: epifaunal grazer
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Australia (14 collections), the Bahamas (2), Bermuda (3), Cayman Islands (2), China (2), Costa Rica (1), Djibouti (4), the Dominican Republic (1), Ecuador (1), Egypt (2), Eritrea (2), Fiji (1), France (2), French Polynesia (1), Greece (2), Guadeloupe (1), Guam (2), Haiti (2), India (4), Italy (2), Jamaica (2), Japan (30), Jordan (3), Kenya (14), the Marshall Islands (2), Mauritius (1), Mexico (9), Morocco (2), Mozambique (1), New Zealand (3), Northern Mariana Islands (1), Pakistan (1), Panama (1), Papua New Guinea (2), Peru (2), Pitcairn (1), Saudi Arabia (7), the Seychelles (6), South Africa (9), Spain (8), Sudan (1), Tonga (6), Tuvalu (1), United States (27: Florida, Hawaii, North Carolina), Vanuatu (4), Venezuela (2)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Guam (1), South Africa (1), United States (3: Florida)
• Pliocene of Australia (1), Chile (1), Colombia (2), Costa Rica (5), Cyprus (1), the Dominican Republic (4), Ecuador (3), Fiji (1), Greece (2), Haiti (1), Indonesia (7), Italy (1), Jamaica (6), Japan (11), Mexico (3), Romania (1), South Africa (5), Spain (7), Trinidad and Tobago (4), Tuvalu (2), United States (7: California, Florida), Venezuela (16)
• Miocene to Pliocene of the Dominican Republic (3), Japan (1)
• Miocene of Australia (6), Austria (8), Brazil (1), Colombia (1), Cuba (1), the Dominican Republic (8), Fiji (5), France (1), Greece (2), Guam (1), Indonesia (8), Iran (1), Italy (4), Japan (12), the Marshall Islands (8), New Zealand (7), Panama (2), Peru (2), the Philippines (1), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (1), Slovakia (4), South Africa (1), Turkey (1), United States (1: Florida), Vanuatu (1), Venezuela (2)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Christmas Island (1), Haiti (1), United States (1: Florida)
• Oligocene of Denmark (1), Greece (2), Iran (3), Italy (1), New Zealand (2), Pakistan (4), Romania (1), United States (3: Florida, Mississippi)
• Eocene of Australia (5), France (3), Haiti (1), India (1), Indonesia (2), Italy (1), Japan (2), New Zealand (1), Peru (1), Romania (1), Tonga (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (6: Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, Texas)
• Paleocene of Australia (1), France (1)
• Cretaceous of Austria (1), Brazil (2), France (7), Germany (3), Iran (4), Mexico (2), New Zealand (4), Portugal (1), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1), Switzerland (16), Turkmenistan (1), United States (5: California, Texas)
• Jurassic of Canada (1: Northwest Territories), Eritrea (1), Ethiopia (2), France (4), Germany (1), Greenland (2), India (2), Italy (1), Poland (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (2: California), Yemen (1)
• Triassic of Germany (1), Hungary (3), Italy (23), Slovakia (1), United States (4: Alaska, Nevada)
Total: 534 collections including 769 occurrences