Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn 1905 (tyrant lizard king)

Reptilia - Theropoda - Tyrannosauridae

Alternative combination: Tyranosaurus rex

Synonyms: Albertosaurus lancensis Gilmore 1946, Albertosaurus megagracilis Paul 1988, Aublysodon lancensis Gilmore 1946, Aublysodon molnari Paul 1988, Aublysodon molnaris Paul 1988, Dinotyrannus megagracilis Paul 1988, Dynamosaurus imperiosus Osborn 1905, Gorgosaurus lancensis Gilmore 1946, Manospondylus gigas Cope 1892, Nanotyrannus lancensis Gilmore 1946, Nanotyrannus lencensis Gilmore 1946, Stygivenator molnari Paul 1988, Tyrannosaurus imperator Paul et al. 2022, Tyrannosaurus imperiosus Osborn 1905, Tyrannosaurus regina Paul et al. 2022

Full reference: H. F. Osborn. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21(14):259-265

Belongs to Tyrannosaurus according to G. S. Paul et al. 2022

See also Abel 1908, Anonymous 1906, Anonymous 1906, Anonymous 1949, Anonymous 1963, Anonymous 1974, Anonymous 1982, Arden et al. 2019, Armitage and Anderson 2013, Aureliano et al. 2018, Averianov 2007, Averianov and Sues 2012, Avinoff 1941, Avinoff 1942, Bakker et al. 1992, Bakker et al. 1988, Benson and Barrett 2009, Breithaupt 1985, Breithaupt 1997, Brougham et al. 2019, Brown 1907, Brown 1914, Brown and Schlaikjer 1940, Brownstein 2019, Buckley et al. 2018, Buffetaut 1992, Buffetaut et al. 1996, Canudo et al. 2005, Carpenter 1992, Carpenter 2000, Carpenter and Smith 2001, Carr 1999, Carr 2010, Carr et al. 2022, Carr et al. 2017, Carr and Williamson 2004, Carr et al. 2005, Carr et al. 2011, Cau et al. 2012, Chamberlain et al. 2023, Chao 1980, Charig 1967, Claessens and Loewen 2016, Cooper et al. 2008, Cope 1892, Coria and Currie 2016, Currie 1992, Currie 2003, Currie 2003, Currie et al. 2003, Currie and Eberth 2010, Currie et al. 2003, Currie and Koppelhus 2015, Currie and Padian 1997, Dal Sasso et al. 2018, Dalla Vecchia 2020, Dalman 2013, Dalman et al. 2018, DePalma et al. 2015, Derstler 1994, Eberth 1997, Eberth et al. 2001, Estes 1964, Fernandes de Azevedo et al. 2013, Foster and Chure 2000, Fowler and Sullivan 2006, Fowler et al. 2011, Fraas 1912, Gabriel and Lupton 1980, Galton and Molnar 2012, Gauthier 1986, Gillette et al. 1986, Gilmore 1933, Gilmore 1946, Gutherz et al. 2020, Hatcher et al. 1907, Hay 1902, Hay 1930, Hendrickx and Mateus 2014, Holland 1919, Holtz 2001, Holtz 2004, Hone et al. 2011, Huene 1914, Huene 1915, Huene 1927, Ibiricu et al. 2013, Irmis and Knoll 2008, Jeletzky 1960, Kay 1942, Kay 1951, Kellner et al. 2011, Kielan-Jaworowska 1984, Knight 1942, Knoll et al. 1999, Krull 1906, Krumenacker et al. 2022, Kuhn 1939, Kuhn 1964, Kurzanov 1976, Lavocat 1954, Lawson 1976, Lee 2016, Lehman 1987, Lehman and Carpenter 1990, Li et al. 2009, Lisak 1980, Lockley and Hunt 1995, Longrich 2008, Makovicky and Norell 1998, Malkani 2006, Manning et al. 2008, Matthew and Brown 1922, McDonald et al. 2018, McFeeters 2021, McGinnis 1982, McIntosh 1981, Molnar 1974, Molnar 1978, Molnar 1980, Molnar 1991, Molnar and Carpenter 1989, Molnar et al. 1990, Molnar and Wiffen 1994, Moodie 1930, Norell et al. 2009, Novas 1997, Novas et al. 2013, Olshevsky 1995, Olshevsky 2000, Osborn 1905, Osborn 1906, Osborn 1916, Osmólska et al. 1972, Ostrom 1965, Parks 1935, Paul 1988, Paulina Carabajal and Canale 2010, Pompeckj 1920, Poropat and Kear 2013, Rauhut 2003, Rauhut et al. 2018, Retallack 1994, Richter et al. 2013, Rozhdestvensky 1965, Russell 1930, Russell 1964, Russell 1966, Russell 1970, Ryan and Vickaryous 1997, Sakagami and Kawabe 2020, Salem et al. 2022, Sampson and Witmer 2007, Saveliev and Alifanov 2007, Schweitzer 1997, Senter and Sullivan 2019, Sloan 1976, Steel 1970, Stein and Triebold 2013, Stovall 1943, Stromer 1915, Stromer 1931, Stromer 1934, Stromer 1934, Stromer 1936, Sullivan et al. 2005, Swinton 1934, Swinton 1970, Tabrum 1970, Taquet 2010, Tatarinov 1964, Thomson et al. 2013, Titus et al. 2021, Torices et al. 2015, Torres-Rodríguez et al. 2010, Turner et al. 2007, Turner et al. 2011, Urban and Lamanna 2006, Vajda et al. 2013, Walker 1964, Weishampel et al. 1991, White et al. 2015, Williamson and Brusatte 2014, Williamson et al. 2003, Woodward et al. 2020, Xing et al. 2019, Young 1935, Zanno et al. 2013, Zanno and Makovicky 2011 and Zhao 1986

Sister taxa: Tyrannosauripus, Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis, Tyrannosaurus turpanensis

Type specimens:

  • Tyrannosaurus rex: NMC 9380 =AMNH 973, a partial skeleton (scapula). Its type locality is Quarry No. 1, Sieber Ranch (AMNH), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial sandstone in the Lance Formation of Montana.
  • Albertosaurus megagracilis: LACM 28345. Its type locality is Engdahl Ranch (LACM), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana.
  • Aublysodon molnaris: LACM 28471. Its type locality is LACM 7245, Engdahl Ranch, which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial claystone in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana.
  • Dynamosaurus imperiosus: AMNH 5866. Its type locality is Seven Mile Creek (AMNH), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial claystone/siltstone in the Lance Formation of Wyoming.
  • Manospondylus gigas: AMNH 3982, a set of vertebrae.
  • Nanotyrannus lancensis: CMNH 7541, a skull. Its type locality is Sand Creek, Carter County (CMNH 7541), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana.
  • Tyrannosaurus imperator: FMNH PR2081, a skeleton. Its type locality is "Sue" site (PROXY), which is in a Maastrichtian coarse channel fill sandstone in the Hell Creek Formation of South Dakota.
  • Tyrannosaurus regina: USNM 555000, a partial skeleton. Its type locality is MOR HC-069, Wankel T-Rex, which is in a Maastrichtian coarse channel fill sandstone in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana.

Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore

Average measurements (in mm): femur circumference 518.1, fibula circumference 150.5, tibia circumference 451.2

Distribution:

• Cretaceous of Canada (5: Alberta, Saskatchewan collections), Mexico (1), United States (64: Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming)

Total: 70 collections including 72 occurrences

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Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.


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