Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae
Parent taxon: Rafinesquinidae according to M. Liljeroth et al. 2017
See also Cocks 2010, Howe 1988, Mitchell 1977, Oraspold 1956, Owen and Harper 1982, Roomusoks 2004, Williams et al. 2000 and Zhan and Jin 2005
Sister taxa: Crassitestella, Kiaeromena, Kjaerina, Kjerulfina, Leptaeninae, Scamnomena
Subtaxa: Colaptomena Dirafinesquina Hedstroemina Heteromena Hibernodonta Odoratus Pentagomena Pirgumena Rafinesquina Rakverina Shuangheella Testaprica Virunites
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Silurian of Argentina (2 collections), the Russian Federation (5), United States (11: Maryland, New York, West Virginia)
• Dobrotivian of France (1), Spain (1)
• Letna of the Czech Republic (1)
• Chazyan of Canada (7: Northwest Territories, Quebec), United States (52: New York, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia)
• Whiterockian of United States (4: Nevada)
• Arenig of China (2)
• Ordovician to Silurian of Canada (1: Québec)
• Ordovician of Australia (3), Belarus (4), Bolivia (1), Canada (110: British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Nunvait, Ontario, Quebec), China (28), the Czech Republic (8), Estonia (50), France (5), Iran (5), Ireland (6), Kazakhstan (1), Latvia (8), Lithuania (11), Myanmar (2), North Korea (1), Norway (10), Peru (1), Portugal (3), the Russian Federation (4), South Korea (1), Spain (15), the United Kingdom (124), United States (1133: Alaska, California, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania and Virginia, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin), Venezuela (1)
• Tremadoc of China (2)
Total: 1624 collections including 1800 occurrences