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Craniata
Discussion
This is a class of "inarticulate" brachiopods that is unfortunately a homonym with the chordate group Craniata.
Taxonomy
Craniata was named by Williams et al. (1996). It is extant.
It was assigned to Craniiformea by Williams et al. (1996), Carlson (2001), Skovsted (2006) and Emig et al. (2013).
It was assigned to Craniiformea by Williams et al. (1996), Carlson (2001), Skovsted (2006) and Emig et al. (2013).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1903 | Patella ottomana Kittl |
1922 | Patella ottomana Wanner |
1996 | Craniata Williams et al. p. 1192 |
2001 | Craniata Carlson p. 1111 |
2006 | Craniata Skovsted p. 1093 |
2013 | Craniata Emig et al. p. 76 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cl. Craniata Williams et al. 1996
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Or. Craniida Waagen 1885
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Superfm. †Cranioidea Menke 1828
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Fm. †Craniidae Menke 1828
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G. †Acanthocrania Williams 1943
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†Acanthocrania alta Cooper and Grant 1974
†Acanthocrania conferta Cooper and Grant 1974
†Acanthocrania cracentis Wright 1963
†Acanthocrania densispina Cooper and Grant 1974
†Acanthocrania elusa Cocks 2014
†Acanthocrania intermedia Cooper and Grant 1974
†Acanthocrania magna Cooper and Grant 1974
†Acanthocrania minutispinosa Cooper and Grant 1974
†Acanthocrania nordtimanica Kalashnikov 1993
†Acanthocrania platys Cooper and Grant 1974
†Acanthocrania regularis Cooper and Grant 1974
†Acanthocrania setigera Hall 1866
†Acanthocrania spiculata Rowley 1908
†Acanthocrania vasta Cooper and Grant 1974
G. †Ancistrocrania Dall 1877
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†Ancistrocrania abnormis Defrance and Hoeninghaus 1828
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Invalid names: Crania rugosa Seguenza 1866 [synonym]
G. †Celidocrania Zhu and Xue 1985
G. Crania Retzius 1781
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Subg. †Crania (Lissocrania) Williams 1943
Crania altivertes Zezina 1990
†Crania anticostiana Twenhofel 1928
†Crania antiqua Defrance 1818
†Crania austriaca Traub 1938
†Crania badensis Michalik and Zagorsek 1986
Crania californica Berry 1921
†Crania calymene Klipstein 1843
†Crania chesterensis Miller and Gurley 1897
†Crania columbiana Walcott 1889
†Crania craniolaris Linnaeus 1758
Crania hawaiiensis Dall 1920
Crania huttoni Thomson 1916
Crania indonesiensis Zezina 1981
†Crania kirkbyi Davidson 1858
†Crania laevis Keyes 1894
Crania lamellosa Seguenza 1865
†Crania missouriensis Weller 1909
Crania patagonica Dall 1902
†Crania permica Kalashnikov 1993
Crania philippinensis Dall 1920
Crania pourtalesi Dall 1871
†Crania proavia Goldfuss 1840
†Crania reposita White 1862
Crania roseradiata Jackson 1952
Crania rostrata Hoeninghaus 1828
†Crania starhembergensis Zugmayer 1882
†Crania subrostrata Boettger 1901
Crania suessi Reeve 1862
†Crania trigonalis M'Coy 1844
Crania valdiviae Helmcke 1940
G. †Craniscus Dall 1871
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†Craniscus hesperius Cooper 1955
†Craniscus izyumensis Smirnova 1996
Craniscus japonicus Adams 1863
G. †Danocrania Rosenkrantz 1964
G. †Deliella Halamski 2004
G. †Isocrania Jaekel 1902
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†Isocrania campaniensis Ernst 1984
†Isocrania costata Sowerby 1823
†Isocrania phosphatica Simon 1998
†Isocrania praecostata Ernst 1984
G. †Lepidocrania Cooper and Grant 1974
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†Lepidocrania sparsispinosa Cooper and Grant 1974
†Lepidocrania sublamellosa Cooper and Grant 1974
†Lepidocrania tardispinosa Cooper and Grant 1974
G. †Mesocrania Smirnova 1997
G. Neocrania Lee and Brunton 2001
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Neocrania anomala Muller 1776
Novocrania anomala Muller 1776
†Novocrania bayaniana Davidson 1870
Novocrania kermes Costa and Humphrey 1770
Novocrania lecointei Joubin 1901
Novocrania turbinata Poli 1795
Invalid names: Orbicula d'Archiac 1843 [replaced]
G. †Orthisocrania Rowell 1963
G. †Petrocrania Raymond 1910
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†Petrocrania diabloensis Cooper and Grant 1974
†Petrocrania dodgei Rowley 1908
†Petrocrania dubia Williams 1974
†Petrocrania exasperata Cooper and Grant 1974
†Petrocrania famelica Hall and Whitfield 1872
†Petrocrania hamiltoniae Hall 1867
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Invalid names: Craniella hamiltonae Hall 1867 [objective synonym]
†Petrocrania meduanensis Oehlert 1888
†Petrocrania modesta White and St. John 1867
†Petrocrania mullochensis Reed 1917
†Petrocrania ourayensi Kindle 1909
†Petrocrania prona Raymond 1906
†Petrocrania reversa Sardeson 1896
†Petrocrania scabiosa Hall 1866
†Petrocrania septifera Cooper and Grant 1974
†Petrocrania teretis Cooper and Grant 1974
Invalid names: Craniella Oehlert 1911 [replaced], Philhedrella Kozlowski 1929 [synonym]
G. †Philhedra Koken 1889
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†Philhedra acutilirata Talent 1963
†Philhedra crenistriata Hall 1860
†Philhedra laelia Hall 1866
†Philhedra pauciradiata Benedetto 2015
†Philhedra playfairi Reed 1917
†Philhedra pulchelloides Chapman 1913
†Philhedra stawyensis Temple 1965
G. †Pseudocrania M'Coy 1851
G. †Westralicrania Cockbain 1967
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†Westralicrania allani Cockbain 1967
†Westralicrania zenobiae Craig 1997
Invalid names: Craniacea Menke 1828 [empty]
Or. Craniopsida Gorjansky and Popov 1985
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Superfm. †Craniopsioidea Williams 1963
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Fm. †Craniopsidae Williams 1963
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G. †Craniops Hall 1859
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†Craniops hamiltoniae Hall 1867
†Craniops pristina Popov and Cocks 2014
†Craniops subtruncata Hall 1847
Invalid names: Pholidops Hall 1859 [synonym]
G. †Discinopsis Hall and Clarke 1892
G. †Paracraniops Williams 1963
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†Paracraniops ellipticus Goriansky 1972
†Paracraniops pararius Williams 1962
†Paracraniops patillis Rong 1979
Invalid names: Craniopsoidea Williams 1963 [empty]
G. †Melbournopterus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
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†Melbournopterus crossotus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
Or. †Trimerellida
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G. †Adenus
Superfm. †Trimerelloidea Davidson and King 1872
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Fm. †Trimerellidae Davidson and King 1872
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G. †Costitrimerella Rong and Li 1993
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†Costitrimerella costellata Rong and Li 1993
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Invalid names: Costitrimerella costellata Rong and Li 1993 [objective synonym]
G. †Dinobolus Hall 1871
G. †Eodinobolus Rowell 1963
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†Eodinobolus balclatchiensis Reed 1917
†Eodinobolus dixonensis Cooper 1956
†Eodinobolus magnifica Billings 1872
G. †Gasconsia Northrop 1939
G. †Gyroselenella Li 1985
G. †Obolellina Billings 1871
G. †Palaeotrimerella Li and Han 1980
G. †Peritrimerella Liang 1983
G. †Rhynobolus Hall 1871
G. †Trimerella Billings 1862
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Invalid names: Machaerocolella Li and Han 1980 [synonym], Prosoponella Li 1984 [synonym]
Invalid names: Patella ottomana Kittl 1903 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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A. Williams et al. 1996 | Brachiopods with calcitic, laminar (tabular) inarticulated shells; valves developed discretely without mantle reversal; larvae lecithotrophic without shell; posterior body wall complete, pedicle not developed, ventral valve attached by larval epithelium; muscle system with a single pair of internal obliques and with paired outside lateral muscles attached anteriorly to the body wall; alimentary tract more or less axial with anus; lophophore initially with median tentacle lost during growth, tentacles in double row in posttrocholophous growth stages only; paired ganglia developed; mantle canal systems without interiomedial vascula terminalia, normally pinnate, containing gonads. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
References: Williams et al. 1996, Aberhan et al. 2004 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Dyeran to the top of the Holocene or 515.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 511.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 511.2 Ma
Collections (1196 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Dyeran | Greenland | Craniopsidae indet. (49464 49473) | |
Tremadoc | Czech Republic | Petrocrania sp. (192830) | |
Tremadoc | China (JiLin) | Orthisocrania sp. (21143) | |
Ordovician | USA (New York) | Petrocrania sp. (332) | |
Arenig | United Kingdom (Wales) | Petrocrania sp., Craniidae indet. (69096) | |
Arenig | China (GanSu) | Orthisocrania sp. (8568) | |
Arenig | Spain (Zaragoza) | Dinobolus sp. (21075) | |
Volkhov | Russian Federation | Pseudocrania petropolitana (157085 157104 157105 157106 157107 157108 157109 157110 157111 157112 157113 157114 157115 157117 157118 157119 157120 157121 157122 157123 157124 157127 157128 157130 157131 157132 157133 157134 157135 157136 157139 157141) | |
Middle Ordovician | USA (New York) | Petrocrania sp. (335) | |
Chazyan | USA (New York) | Crania prona (56215 172320) Petrocrania prona (171794 172144) | |
Chazyan | USA (Vermont) | Petrocrania prona (101749) | |
Whiterockian - Mohawkian | USA (Minnesota) | Crania sp. (10767) | |
Kunda | Estonia | Pseudocrania antiquissima (56202) | |
Kunda | Sweden | Pseudocrania sp. (188213 188217 188218 188225 188234 188268 188280) | |
Llanvirn | China (QingHai) | Petrocrania sp. (8683 23596) | |
Darriwilian | Iran | Pseudocrania insperata (186095) | |
Darriwilian | Argentina (San Juan) | Philhedra pauciradiata (195044) | |
Darriwilian | Canada (Newfoundland) | Orthisocrania sp. (185947) | |
Llandeilo | Kazakhstan | Ovidiella plana (161885) | |
Letna - Harnagian | Czech Republic | Petrocrania obsoleta (3861) |