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Taxonomy
Leptocyon was named by Matthew (1918). It is not extant.
It was synonymized subjectively with Vulpes by Gregory (1942).
It was assigned to Canidae by Matthew (1918), Webb (1969), Carroll (1988) and Munthe (1998); and to Caninae by Wang et al. (2008), Wang and Tedford (2008), Tedford et al. (2009), Smith et al. (2016) and May (2019).
It was synonymized subjectively with Vulpes by Gregory (1942).
It was assigned to Canidae by Matthew (1918), Webb (1969), Carroll (1988) and Munthe (1998); and to Caninae by Wang et al. (2008), Wang and Tedford (2008), Tedford et al. (2009), Smith et al. (2016) and May (2019).
Species
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1918 | Leptocyon Matthew |
| 1963 | Neocynodesmus Macdonald |
| 1969 | Leptocyon Webb |
| 1988 | Leptocyon Carroll |
| 1988 | Neocynodesmus Carroll |
| 1998 | Leptocyon Munthe |
| 2008 | Leptocyon Wang et al. |
| 2009 | Leptocyon Tedford et al. p. 14 |
| 2016 | Leptocyon Smith et al. |
| 2019 | Leptocyon May |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Leptocyon Matthew 1918
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†Leptocyon delicatus Loomis 1932
†Leptocyon douglassi Tedford et al. 2009
†Leptocyon gregorii Matthew 1907
†Leptocyon leidyi Tedford et al. 2009
†Leptocyon matthewi Tedford et al. 2009
†Leptocyon mollis Merriam 1906
†Leptocyon tejonensis Tedford et al. 2009
†Leptocyon vafer Leidy 1858
†Leptocyon vulpinus Matthew 1907
Invalid names: Neocynodesmus Macdonald 1963 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| R. H. Tedford et al. 2009 | Leptocyon differs from Vulpes in possession of the following primi- tive characters: greater postorbital constriction; I1–I3 with medial cusplets; M1 and M2 with stronger parastyle; m1 hypoconulid absent, its entoconid relatively smaller and enlarged only in most derived species; m2 with weaker anterolabial cingulum and meta- conid smaller than or equal in size to protoconid in less derived species, postpa- rietal foramen still present in early species; humerus with entepicondylar foramen; ulna and fibula short and more robust with larger distal articular facets for radius and tibia; radius with distal exostosis in early species (Wang and Rothschild, 1992); tibia with longer anteroproximal crest, less anteriorly and distally extended proximolateral and proximomedial articular surfaces for femur; relatively larger entocuneiform and well- developed functional metatarsal I with two phalanges. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range: base of the early Late Arikareean to the top of the Early/Lower Clarendonian or 29.50000 to 9.40000 Ma
Collections (129 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geringian | USA (Oregon) | L. douglassi (159093) L. mollis (93078) | |
| Geringian | USA (South Dakota) | Hesperocyon leptodus (17641) L. douglassi (17654) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Montana) | L. douglassi (17481 17722) | |
| Arikareean | USA (South Dakota) | Neocynodesmus delicatus (17443) | |
| early Late Arikareean | USA (Oregon) | L. vulpinus (36761) | |
| late Late Arikareean | USA (California) | L. sp. (167848 167853) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | L. leidyi (17842) L. sp. (17819) Nothocyon gregorii (17846) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Wyoming) | L. gregorii (17794 17811 17815) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (South Dakota) | Cynodesmus vulpinus (17451) Hesperocyon gregorii (17456) L. gregorii (17519) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Florida) | Mesocyon sp. (17837) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nebraska) | L. sp. (18313) | |
| Miocene | USA (South Dakota) | L. vafer (18083) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | L. gregorii (17898) L. leidyi (17932 17942 17978) L. vulpinus (17891 17934) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | L. leidyi (17902 17920 17952 18000 18001) L. sp. (17970) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Oregon) | L. leidyi (208512) | |
| Late/Upper Hemingfordian | USA (New Mexico) | L. vafer (19339) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nevada) | L. leidyi (159094) L. sp. (181731) L. vafer (19097) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | L. sp. (18121 18141 18208 18454) L. vafer (18027 18031 18109 18125 18155 18164 18192 18209 18216 18232 18266 18275 18284 18337 18363 18442 18443) Vulpes vafer (18165) | |
| Barstovian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | L. vafer (18788 18790 18797) | |
| Barstovian | USA (New Mexico) | L. vafer (19274 19470 19519 19535) | |
| Barstovian | USA (California) | L. leidyi (19356 19364 19366 19463 19510 19548) L. sp. (214888) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Colorado) | L. vafer (18220) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | L. leidyi (17955 17956 17972 17976) L. vafer (17905) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (New Mexico) | L. leidyi (19547 19611) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (New Mexico) | L. vafer (19531) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Canis vafer (190543) L. vafer (18077 18306) | |
| Barstovian - Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (New Mexico) | L. vafer, Canidae indet. (19286) | |
| Barstovian - Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | L. sp. (18187) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | L. sp. (18219) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (California) | L. sp. (19145) L. tejonensis (19553) L. vafer (19322 19323) Vulpes sp. (19517) Vulpes vafer (19185) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (South Dakota) | L. matthewi (18200 18268) L. sp. (18063) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nevada) | L. matthewi (18888) L. vafer (18845 19035) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | L. matthewi (18042 18095 18171 18218 18222 18227 18321 18336 18496) L. sp. (18221 18324 188779) L. vafer (18106 18157 18217 18242 18260 18378) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Oregon) | Pliotaxidea sp. (18825) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Texas) | L. vafer, Canidae indet. (18611) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | L. vafer (110829) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | L. matthewi (18327) L. sp. (18066) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | L. sp. (18554) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (New Mexico) | L. vafer, L. matthewi (19528) | |
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | L. matthewi (18069 18134) |