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Phocoena
Taxonomy
Phocaena was named by Cuvier (1816) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 746]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Geisler et al. (2011).
It was reranked as Delphinus (Phocaena) by Lankester (1864); it was corrected as Phocoena by Gray (1870), Gill (1872), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Hershkovitz (1966), Kasuya (1973), Gaskin et al. (1974), Brownell (1975), Barnes (1977), Brownell (1983), Brownell and Praderi (1984), Jefferson (1988), Vidal (1991), Rice (1998), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Mead and Brownell (2005), Fajardo-Mellor et al. (2006), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Geisler et al. (2011), Murakami et al. (2014), Colpaert et al. (2015) and Marx et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Monoceratina by Gray (1846); to Delphinus by Lankester (1864); to Phocaenina by Gray (1825), Gray (1864) and Gray (1868); to Phocaenae by Winge (1921); to Phocaeninae by Weber (1928); to Delphinidae by Gray (1821), De Kay (1842), Gray (1846), Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Owen (1866), Gray (1866), Scammon and Cope (1869), Gray (1870), Scott (1873), Ameghino (1889), Cope (1890), Newton (1891), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Jordan and Gilbert (1919) and Kellogg (1928); to Phocininae by Fraser and Purves (1960); to Delphininae by Flower (1867), Gill (1871), Gill (1872) and Scheffer and Rice (1963); to Phocaenidae by Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951) and Carroll (1988); to Phocoeninae by Kasuya (1973), Barnes (1985), de Muizon (1988), Vidal (1991), McKenna and Bell (1997) and Fordyce and de Muizon (2001); to Cetacea by Sepkoski (2002); and to Phocoenidae by Hershkovitz (1966), Gaskin et al. (1974), Brownell (1975), Barnes (1977), Brownell (1983), Brownell and Praderi (1984), Jefferson (1988), Rice (1998), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Mead and Brownell (2005), Fajardo-Mellor et al. (2006), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Geisler et al. (2011), Murakami et al. (2014), Colpaert et al. (2015) and Marx et al. (2016).
It was reranked as Delphinus (Phocaena) by Lankester (1864); it was corrected as Phocoena by Gray (1870), Gill (1872), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Hershkovitz (1966), Kasuya (1973), Gaskin et al. (1974), Brownell (1975), Barnes (1977), Brownell (1983), Brownell and Praderi (1984), Jefferson (1988), Vidal (1991), Rice (1998), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Mead and Brownell (2005), Fajardo-Mellor et al. (2006), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Geisler et al. (2011), Murakami et al. (2014), Colpaert et al. (2015) and Marx et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Monoceratina by Gray (1846); to Delphinus by Lankester (1864); to Phocaenina by Gray (1825), Gray (1864) and Gray (1868); to Phocaenae by Winge (1921); to Phocaeninae by Weber (1928); to Delphinidae by Gray (1821), De Kay (1842), Gray (1846), Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Owen (1866), Gray (1866), Scammon and Cope (1869), Gray (1870), Scott (1873), Ameghino (1889), Cope (1890), Newton (1891), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Jordan and Gilbert (1919) and Kellogg (1928); to Phocininae by Fraser and Purves (1960); to Delphininae by Flower (1867), Gill (1871), Gill (1872) and Scheffer and Rice (1963); to Phocaenidae by Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951) and Carroll (1988); to Phocoeninae by Kasuya (1973), Barnes (1985), de Muizon (1988), Vidal (1991), McKenna and Bell (1997) and Fordyce and de Muizon (2001); to Cetacea by Sepkoski (2002); and to Phocoenidae by Hershkovitz (1966), Gaskin et al. (1974), Brownell (1975), Barnes (1977), Brownell (1983), Brownell and Praderi (1984), Jefferson (1988), Rice (1998), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Mead and Brownell (2005), Fajardo-Mellor et al. (2006), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Geisler et al. (2011), Murakami et al. (2014), Colpaert et al. (2015) and Marx et al. (2016).
Species
P. dioptrica (syn. Phocaena stornii), P. phocoena (syn. Phocaena tuberculifera, Delphinus ventricosus, Phocaena relicta, P. rondeletii, Phocaena americana, Phocaena fuscus, Phocaena communis, Phocaena brachycium, Phocaena lineata, Phocaena vomerina), P. sinus, P. spinipinnis (syn. Phocaena philippii)
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1816 | Phocaena Cuvier p. 279 |
1821 | Phocaena Gray p. 310 |
1825 | Phocaena Gray p. 340 |
1842 | Phocaena De Kay p. 133 |
1846 | Phocaena Gray p. 30 |
1850 | Phocaena Gray p. 81 |
1863 | Phocaena Gray p. 201 |
1864 | Phocaena Gray p. 245 |
1864 | Delphinus (Phocaena) Lankester p. 356 |
1866 | Phocaena Gray p. 301 |
1866 | Phocaena (Acanthodelphis) Gray p. 304 |
1866 | Phocaena Owen p. 24 |
1867 | Phocaena Flower p. 115 |
1868 | Acanthodelphis Gray p. 8 |
1868 | Phocaena Gray p. 8 |
1869 | Phocaena Scammon and Cope p. 21 |
1870 | Acanthodelphis Gray p. 772 |
1870 | Phocoena Gray p. 772 |
1871 | Phocaena Gill p. 125 |
1872 | Phocoena Gill p. 95 |
1873 | Phocaena Scott p. 93 |
1889 | Phocaena Ameghino p. 886 |
1890 | Phocaena Cope p. 609 |
1891 | Phocaena Newton p. 80 |
1904 | Acanthodelphis Palmer p. 72 |
1904 | Phocaena Palmer p. 532 |
1904 | Phocaena Trouessart p. 769 |
1912 | Phocaena Turner p. 104 |
1919 | Phocaena Jordan and Gilbert p. 59 |
1921 | Phocaena Winge p. 36 |
1928 | Phocaena Kellogg p. 33 figs. Table 1 |
1928 | Phocaena Weber p. 389 |
1945 | Phocaena Simpson p. 104 |
1951 | Phocaena Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott p. 728 |
1960 | Phocaena Fraser and Purves p. 112 figs. Figure 26 |
1963 | Phocoena Scheffer and Rice p. 5 |
1966 | Phocoena Hershkovitz p. 100 |
1973 | Phocoena Kasuya p. 61 |
1974 | Phocoena Gaskin et al. p. 1 |
1975 | Phocoena Brownell p. 1 |
1977 | Phocoena Barnes p. 323 figs. Table 1 |
1983 | Phocoena Brownell |
1984 | Phocoena Brownell and Praderi p. 1 |
1985 | Australophocaena Barnes p. 153 |
1985 | Phocaena Barnes p. 161 |
1988 | Phocaena Carroll |
1988 | Australophocaena Jefferson |
1988 | Phocoena Jefferson |
1988 | Phocaena de Muizon p. 162 |
1988 | Australophocaena de Muizon p. 163 |
1991 | Phocoena Vidal p. 5 |
1997 | Australophocaena McKenna and Bell p. 391 |
1997 | Phocaena McKenna and Bell p. 391 |
1998 | Phocoena Rice p. 123 |
2001 | Phocoena Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179 |
2002 | Phocaena Sepkoski |
2003 | Phocoena Geisler and Sanders p. 28 |
2005 | Phocoena Mead and Brownell p. 736 |
2006 | Phocoena Fajardo-Mellor et al. p. 927 |
2008 | Australophocaena Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 5 |
2008 | Phocoena Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 5 |
2011 | Phocoena Geisler et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1 |
2014 | Phocoena Murakami et al. p. 502 figs. Figure 7 |
2015 | Phocoena Colpaert et al. p. 9 figs. Figure 8 |
2016 | Phocoena Marx et al. p. 137 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Phocoena Cuvier 1816
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Phocoena dioptrica Lahille 1912 [spectacled porpoise]
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Invalid names: Phocaena stornii Marelli 1922 [synonym]
Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus 1758 [harbor porpoise]
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Delphinus phocaena albus Kerr 1792
Invalid names: Delphinus ventricosus Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Phocaena americana Allen 1869 [synonym], Phocaena brachycium Cope 1865 [synonym], Phocaena communis Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Phocaena fuscus Kerr 1792 [synonym], Phocaena lineata Cope 1876 [synonym], Phocaena relicta Abel 1905 [synonym], Phocaena tuberculifera Gray 1865 [synonym], Phocaena vomerina Gill 1865 [synonym], Phocoena rondeletii Giglioli 1879 [synonym]
Phocoena sinus Norris and McFarland 1958 [Gulf of California Harbor Porpoise]
Invalid names: Acanthodelphis Gray 1866 [synonym], Australophocoena Barnes 1985 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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Source: f = family, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
References: Uhen 2004, Nowak 1991 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Zanclean to the top of the Holocene or 5.33300 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma
Collections (28 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Zanclean | USA (California) | P. sp. (117471) | |
Zanclean | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | Phocaena phocaena (89447) | |
Pliocene | Azerbaijan | Phocaena phocaena (108338) | |
Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | P. communis (58421) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (Quebec) | P. phocoena (51018) | |
Holocene | Ukraine (Crimea) | P. phocoena (235084) | |
Holocene | Greenland (Qeqertasussuk) | P. phocoena (187755) | |
Holocene | Ukraine | P. phocoena (235085) | |
Holocene | Morocco | P. phocoena (168241) | |
Holocene | Australia (Tasmania) | P. dioptrica (168245) | |
Holocene | Netherlands | P. phocoena (55533) | |
Holocene | Uruguay | Phocaena dioptrica, Phocaena spinipinnis (86873) | |
Holocene | USA (South Carolina) | P. phocoena (168242) | |
Holocene | Chile | P. dioptrica (168247) | |
Holocene | Antarctica | P. dioptrica (168248) | |
Holocene | Japan | P. phocoena (82088 168244) | |
Holocene | USA (Alaska) | P. phocoena (161613 175943) P. sp. (175944 175945 175946 175947) | |
Holocene | Argentina | P. dioptrica (168246) | |
Holocene | Norway | P. phoecena (170319) | |
Holocene | USA (California) | P. phocoena (168243) | |
Holocene | Mexico (Baja California) | P. sinus (86901) | |
Holocene | Turkey | P. phocoena (235083) |