Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Bovini

Mammalia - Bovidae

Taxonomy
Bovini was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.

It was assigned to Bovinae by Hassanin and Douzery (1999), Grubb (2001), Hassanin and Douzery (2003), Croft et al. (2006) and Gentry (2010).

Subtaxa
Bos, Bovina, Bubalina, Pelorovis, Pseudorygini, Ugandax
Sister taxa
Pseudorygini

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Bovini Gray
1999Bovini Hassanin and Douzery p. 893
2001Bovini Grubb p. 375
2003Bovini Hassanin and Douzery p. 223
2006Bovini Croft et al. p. 1039
2010Bovini Gentry p. 752

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
familyBovidae
subfamilyBovinae(Gray 1821)
tribeBoviniGray 1821
tribeBoviniGray 1821

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Tr. Bovini Gray 1821
show all | hide all
G. Bos Linnaeus 1758 [ox]
+
†Bos acutifrons Lydekker 1877
†Bos bubaloides Arambourg 1979
+
Invalid names: Bos praeafricanus Arambourg 1979 [synonym]
†Bos caffer Sparman 1779 [African buffalo]
†Bos chinensis Gray 1873
Bos frontalis Lambert 1804 [gayal]
Bos gaurus Smith 1827
Bos grunniens Linnaeus 1766 [yak]
+
Invalid names: Bos bunnelli Frick 1937 [synonym]
Bos indicus Linnaeus 1758
Bos javanicus d'Alton 1823
†Bos makapaani Broom 1937
†Bos namadicus Falconer and Cautley 1847
+
Invalid names: Bos falconerianus Falconer 1860 [objective synonym]
†Bos palaethiopicus Arambourg 1979
†Bos planifrons Lydekker 1877
†Bos platyrhinus Lydekker 1878
†Bos primigenius Bojanus 1827
Bos sauveli Urbain 1937
Bos taurus Linnaeus 1758 [cow]
Subtr. Bovina Gray 1821
+
G. Bison Hamilton-Smith 1827 [bison]
+
†Bison alaskensis Rhoads 1897
+
Invalid names: Bison aguascalentensis Mooser and Dalquest 1975 [synonym], Bison chaneyi Cook 1928 [synonym]
†Bison antiquus Leidy 1852
+
Invalid names: Bison californicus Rhoads 1897 [synonym], Bison figginsi Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bison kansensis McClung 1905 [synonym], Bison occidentalis Lucas 1898 [synonym], Bison oliverhayi Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bison pacificus Hay 1927 [synonym], Bison taylori Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bison texanus Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bos scaphoceras [synonym]
Bison bison Linnaeus 1758 [American bison]
+
Invalid names: Bos americanus Gmelin 1788 [synonym]
Bison bonasus Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Bison europaeus Owen 1849 [synonym]
†Bison francisi Frick 1937
†Bison latifrons Harlan 1825
+
Invalid names: Bison alleni Marsh 1877 [synonym], Bison angularis Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bison ferox Marsh 1877 [synonym], Bison regius Hay 1913 [synonym], Bison rotundus Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bos arizonica Blake 1898 [synonym], Bos crampianus Cope 1894 [synonym], Sus americanus Harlan [synonym]
†Bison palaeosinensis Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Bison priscus Bojanus 1827
+
Invalid names: Bison crassicornis Richardson 1854 [synonym], Bison geisti Skinner and Kaisen 1947 [synonym], Bison praeoccidentalis Skinner and Kaisen 1947 [synonym], Bison willistoni Martin 1924 [synonym]
†Bison sivalensis Falconer 1847
†Bison sylvestris Hay 1915
Invalid names: Harlanus Owen 1846 [synonym], Simobison Hay and Cook 1930 [synonym], Stelabison Figgins 1933 [synonym]
Subtr. Bubalina Pligrim 1939
+
G. Bubalus Hamilton-Smith 1827 [water buffalo]
+
+
†Anoa quarlesi Ouwens 1910
Subg. †Bubalus (Bubalus) Hamilton-Smith 1827
†Bubalus brevicornis Young 1936
Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Bos arnee Kerr 1792 [synonym]
†Bubalus cebuensis Croft et al. 2006
Bubalus depressicornis Smith 1827 [lowland anoa]
†Bubalus guzhensis Liu Jialong & Zhen Shuonan 1981
†Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood 1925
Bubalus murrensis Berckhemer 1927
†Bubalus palaeindicus Falconer 1868
†Bubalus palaeokerabau Dubois 1908
†Bubalus platyceros Lydekker 1877
+
Invalid names: Bubalus sivalensis Rutimeyer 1878 [synonym]
Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens 1910
†Bubalus teilhardi Young 1932
†Bubalus tingi Bohlin 1938
†Bubalus triangulatus Liu Jialong 1981
†Bubalus wansijocki Boule and Chardin 1928
†Bubalus youngi Chow and Hsu 1957
G. Syncerus Hodgson 1847 [African buffalo]
+
†Syncerus acoelotus Gentry 1985
†Syncerus caffer Sparman 1779 [African buffalo]
G. †Pelorovis Reck 1928
+
†Pelorovis antiquus Duvernoy 1851
†Pelorovis howelli Hadjouis and Sahnouni 2006
†Pelorovis kaisensis Geraads and Thomasson 1994
†Pelorovis turkanensis Harris 1991
†Pelorovis turkanensis brachyceras Geraads et al. 2004
Tr. Pseudorygini Grubb 2001
+
+
Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung et al. 1993 [saola]
G. †Ugandax Cooke and Coryndon 1970
+
†Ugandax coryndonae Gentry 2006
†Ugandax demissum Gentry 1980
†Ugandax gautieri Cook and Coryndon 1970
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:01:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Miocene to the top of the Holocene or 11.60800 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma

Collections (761 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Simatherium demissum (22390 22400 22418 22425 22462)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Bovini indet. (22224)
Middle Miocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene15.97 - 0.781Netherlands Bison priscus, Bos taurus (189573)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Bison sp. (18611)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya Bovini indet. (22241)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia Bovini indet., Simatherium demissum (22139) Ugandax sp., Ugandax gautieri (22179)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333South Africa (Namaqualand) Simatherium demissum (51189)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Uganda Simatherium demissum (22345)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Kenya Ugandax sp. (22274)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad Bovini indet. (59839)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Bovini indet. (22242)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) Bovini indet. (59167)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588Kenya Bovini indet. (22237)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Senegal Simatherium demissum (221108)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Pelorovis antiquus (100313) Simatherium demissum (22221 22222 22227)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia Bovini indet. (22160) Ugandax sp. (22174)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Bovini indet. (22234)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Ethiopia (Afar) Pelorovis sp., Syncerus sp. (70907)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Malawi (Northern) Ugandax sp. (226065)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588South Africa Syncerus acoelotus (22354)