PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Xenophora

Gastropoda - Xenophoridae

Taxonomy

Xenophora was named by Fischer von Waldheim (1807) [Sepkoski's age data: K Ceno R Sepkoski's reference number: 4]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Xenophoridae by Martin (1904), Gardner (1947), Harris and Palmer (1947), MacNeil (1960), Abbass (1967), Ladd (1972), Ladd (1977), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Squires (1984), Squires (1988), Squires and Demetrion (1992), Dockery (1993), Wilson (1993), Squires and Saul (2001), Todd (2001), Harzhauser and Mandic (2001), Wienrich (2001), Nielsen and DeVries (2002), Harzhauser (2004), Harzhauser (2007), Harzhauser et al. (2009), Landau and Marques da Silva (2010) and Darragh (2017).

Species lacking formal opinion data

X. conchyliphora, X. prognata, X. transiens, X. wemmelensis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1807	Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim
1904	Xenophora Martin p. 251
1947	Xenophora Gardner p. 561
1947	Xenophora Harris and Palmer p. 258
1960	Xenophora MacNeil p. 48
1967	Xenophora Abbass p. 48
1972	Xenophora Ladd p. 55
1977	Xenophora Ladd p. 16
1983	Xenophora Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 101
1984	Xenophora Squires p. 21
1988	Xenophora Squires p. 11
1992	Xenophora Squires and Demetrion p. 30
1993	Xenophora Dockery p. 71
1993	Xenophora Wilson p. 167
2001	Xenophora Harzhauser and Mandic p. 699
2001	Xenophora Squires and Saul p. 52
2001	Xenophora Todd
2001	Xenophora Wienrich p. 420
2002	Xenophora Nielsen and DeVries p. 73
2002	Xenophora Sepkoski
2004	Xenophora Harzhauser p. 130
2007	Xenophora Harzhauser p. 104
2009	Xenophora Harzhauser et al. p. 350
2010	Xenophora Landau and Marques da Silva p. 32
2017	Xenophora Darragh p. 54

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
superfamily	Xenophoroidea	Troschel 1852
family	Xenophoridae	Troschel 1852
genus	Xenophora	Fischer von Waldheim 1807

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim 1807

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Subg. Xenophora (Xenophora) Fischer von Waldheim 1807

†Xenophora (Xenophora) mekranensis Newton 1905

Xenophora agglutinans Lamarck 1804

Xenophora calculifera Reeve 1842

†Xenophora carditigera Nielsen and DeVries 2002

Xenophora conchyliophora Born 1780

Invalid names: Xenophora laevigata Fischer von Waldheim 1807 [synonym]

Xenophora corrugata Reeve 1842

Xenophora crispa König 1825

†Xenophora cummulans Brongniart 1823

†Xenophora delecta Guppy 1876

†Xenophora deshayesi Michelotti 1847

†Xenophora eocenica Abbass 1967

†Xenophora floridana Mansfield 1930

†Xenophora hawleyi Loel and Corey 1932

†Xenophora humilis Conrad 1848

Xenophora konai Habe 1953

†Xenophora onusta Nilsson 1827

†Xenophora palaeoafra Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983

Xenophora pallidula Reeve 1842

†Xenophora paulinae Nielsen and DeVries 2002

Xenophora robusta Verrill 1870

†Xenophora rugata Abbass 1967

Xenophora senegalensis Fischer 1873

†Xenophora simiensis Nelson 1925

†Xenophora stocki Dickerson 1916

†Xenophora tatei Harris 1897

†Xenophora terpstrai Dey 1961

†Xenophora textilina Dall 1892

†Xenophora willisi Webster 1983

†Xenophora zitteli Weaver 1905

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean
height	1	3.70

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

grazerf

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:06:03

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:06:03

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Turonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 93.50000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 89.3 Ma

Collections (417 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Early/Lower Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	Cameroon	X. sp. (209694)
Middle Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	USA (New Mexico)	X. simpsoni (88641)
Late/Upper Coniacian	89.3 - 85.8	USA (Montana)	X. sp. (89500)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Brazil (Pernambuco)	X. vasconcellosi (179815) X. vascondellosi (180661)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Delaware)	X. sp. (6127 6135 6139)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	X. sp. (7513)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Poland	X. onusta (28088)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France (Landes)	X. onusta (213792 213793 213794 213877 213884 214046)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Mexico (Baja California)	X. willisi (190523 190524 190525 190526 190527 190528 190533)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	X. sp. (205494)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Tennessee)	X. sp. (205445)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Georgia)	X. sp. (4337)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Poland	X. onusta (27818 27819)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	X. sp. (4203)
Early/Lower Paleocene	66.0 - 61.7	USA (Texas)	X. sp. (86406)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Texas)	X. sp. (205466) X. sp. E (91811)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Alabama)	X. sp. F (90613)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	X. zitteli (43755)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	USA (California)	X. zitteli (190778 190788 190790)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Denmark	X. sp. (35263 35264 35265 35266 35267)