PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Conus spurius

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Conidae

Taxonomy

Conus spurius was named by Gmelin (1791) [DISTRIBUTION: Miocene-Recent; Caribbean.]. It is extant.

It was recombined as Conus (Lithoconus) spurius by Petuch (1994); it was recombined as Spuriconus spurius by Tucker and Tenorio (2009).

Synonyms

Conus cherokus was named by Olsson and Petit (1964) [DISTRIBUTION: Early Pleistocene; South Carolina.]. Its type specimen is USNM (unknown number), a shell, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Conus (Lithoconus) cherokus by Petuch (1994); it was recombined as Spuriconus cherokus by Petuch (2004); it was synonymized subjectively with Conus spurius by Hendricks (2008).
Conus (Lithoconus) jeremyi was named by Petuch (1994). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Conus spurius by Hendricks (2008).
Conus lemoni was named by Petuch (1990). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Conus (Lithoconus) lemoni by Petuch (1994); it was recombined as Spuriconus lemoni by Petuch (2004); it was synonymized subjectively with Conus spurius by Hendricks (2008).
Conus (Lithoconus) martinshugari was named by Petuch (1994). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Conus spurius by Hendricks (2008).
Conus (Lithoconus) micanopy was named by Petuch (1994). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Spuriconus micanopy by Petuch (2004); it was synonymized subjectively with Conus spurius by Hendricks (2008).
Conus (Lithoconus) spengleri was named by Petuch (1991). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Spuriconus spengleri by Petuch (2004); it was synonymized subjectively with Conus spurius by Hendricks (2008).
Conus (Lithoconus) streami was named by Petuch (1994). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Spuriconus streami by Petuch (2004); it was synonymized subjectively with Conus spurius by Hendricks (2008).
Conus leoninus was named by Hwass in Bruguiére (1792). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Conus spurius by Landau and Marques da Silva (2010).
Conus proteus was named by Hwass (1792) [DISTRIBUTION: Early Miocene-Recent; Florida, circum-Caribbean]. It is extant.

It was recombined as Conus (Lithoconus) proteus by Woodring (1928); it was synonymized subjectively with Conus spurius by Hendricks (2008) and Landau and Marques da Silva (2010).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1791	Conus spurius Gmelin p. 19 figs. pl. 10, figs. 4, 5
1792	Conus proteus Hwass pp. 682-683 figs. pl. 334, figs. 1-2
1792	Conus leoninus Hwass in Bruguiére p. 683 figs. pl. 334, figs. 5, 6, 9
1917	Conus proteus Maury p. 42
1922	Conus proteus Olsson p. 43
1928	Conus (Lithoconus) proteus Woodring p. 204
1964	Conus cherokus Olsson and Petit p. 538
1970	Conus spurius Woodring p. 348
1990	Conus lemoni Petuch p. 103 figs. figs. 16, 17
1991	Conus (Lithoconus) spengleri Petuch pp. 53-54 figs. pl. 10, figs. 2-3
1991	Conus (Lithoconus) streami Petuch pp. 53-54 figs. pl. 10, figs. 2-3
1994	Conus (Lithoconus) cherokus Petuch pp. pl. 93, fig. a
1994	Conus (Lithoconus) lemoni Petuch figs. pl. 92, fig. l
1994	Conus (Lithoconus) spurius Petuch figs. pl. 93, fig. f
1994	Conus (Lithoconus) jeremyi Petuch pp. 354-355 figs. pl. 93, fig. d
1994	Conus (Lithoconus) martinshugari Petuch p. 355 figs. pl. 93, fig. h
1994	Conus (Lithoconus) micanopy Petuch p. 355 figs. pl. 93, fig. h
1994	Conus (Lithoconus) streami Petuch p. 356 figs. pl. 93, fig. 3
2004	Spuriconus cherokus Petuch figs. pl. 256, fig. 6
2004	Spuriconus lemoni Petuch figs. pl. 90, fig. b
2004	Spuriconus micanopy Petuch figs. pl. 89, fig. b
2004	Spuriconus spengleri Petuch figs. pl. 86, fig. e
2004	Spuriconus streami Petuch figs. pl. 66, fig. k
2008	Conus spurius Hendricks p. 19
2009	Spuriconus spurius Tucker and Tenorio p. 121
2010	Conus spurius Landau and Marques da Silva p. 102

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Conidae	Fleming 1822
genus	Conus
species	spurius	Gmelin 1791

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Conus spurius Gmelin 1791

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Invalid names: Conus (Lithoconus) jeremyi Petuch 1994 [synonym], Conus (Lithoconus) martinshugari Petuch 1994 [synonym], Conus (Lithoconus) streami Petuch 1994 [synonym], Conus leoninus Hwass in Bruguiére 1792 [synonym], Conus proteus Hwass 1792 [synonym], Spuriconus cherokus Olsson and Petit 1964 [synonym], Spuriconus lemoni Petuch 1990 [synonym], Spuriconus micanopy Petuch 1994 [synonym], Spuriconus spengleri Petuch 1991 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Entire body:

yesg

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Adult height:

10 to < 100g

Thickness:

intermediateg

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

noneg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-03-16 08:54:51

Modified:

2009-03-16 12:42:47

Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class

References: Abbott and Dance 1986, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Miocene to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 23.03000 to 0.01170 Ma

Collections (28 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Dominican Republic	Conus spurius (92450)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Panama (Colon)	Conus spurius (145254)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Dominican Republic	Conus proteus (58867)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Costa Rica (Limon)	Conus spurius (96520)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Mexico (Veracruz)	Conus leoninus (59282)
Messinian - Zanclean	7.246 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	Conus proteus (74967 74969 74971 75036)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	Conus proteus (58821)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Dominican Republic	Conus proteus (74968 74970)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	Panama	Conus proteus (134668)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	Costa Rica	Conus proteus (134667)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	USA (Florida)	Conus cherokus (146875)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	USA (Florida)	Spuriconus cherokus (79959) Spuriconus streami (79875)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	Venezuela	Conus spurius (79710 131218)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	Jamaica	Conus proteus (58522 69089)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	Costa Rica	Conus spurius (96519)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Panama	Conus proteus (134663)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	Panama	Conus proteus (80304)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Florida)	Conus spurius (35031) Spuriconus lemoni, Spuriconus micanopy (79740)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Conus spurius (96538) Spuriconus spurius (79739)