PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Hystrix arayanensis

Mammalia - Rodentia - Hystricidae

Taxonomy

Hystrix arayanensis was named by Sen (2001). Its type specimen is MNHN MOL-51, a partial skull (incomplete with basicranium and palate, preserving D4-M3 dext and D4-M2 sin.), and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Molayan, which is in a Turolian fluvial claystone in the Khurdkabul Formation of Afghanistan.

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

H. afrucaseaustralis, H. major, H. makapanensis, H. refossa, H. subcristata, H. suevica, H. makapanensis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
2001	Hystrix arayanensis Sen p. 916

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes

Rank	Name	Author
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
—	Gliriformes	Wyss and Meng 1996
—	Glires	()
—	Simplicidentata	()
order	Rodentia	Bowdich 1821
—	Ctenohystrica	Huchon et al. 2000
infraorder	Hystricognathi	(Tullberg 1899)
family	Hystricidae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817
genus	Hystrix
species	arayanensis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Hystrix arayanensis Sen 2001

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Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
S. Sen 2001	Size similar to that of Hystrix cristata. Low crowned upper molars with four roots; M1 longer than M2; D4, P4 and upper molars with four major labial synclines; Syncline II and sinus strongly connected; presence of a labial posterior cusp in syncline III.