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Bonasa

Reptilia - Phasianidae

Taxonomy
Bonasa was named by Stephens (1819). It is extant. Its type is Tetrao umbellus.

It was assigned to Tetraonidae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Wetmore (1962) and Parmalee and Klippel (1982); and to Phasianidae by Parmalee (1992), Mlikovsky (2002), Wang et al. (2013) and Clements et al. (2017).

Species
B. umbellus

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1819Bonasa Stephens
1930Bonasa Hay p. 325
1940Bonasa Wetmore p. 43
1956Bonasa Wetmore p. 52
1962Bonasa Wetmore p. 7
1982Bonasa Parmalee and Klippel p. 366
1992Bonasa Parmalee p. 312
2002Bonasa Mlikovsky p. 169
2013Bonasa Wang et al.
2017Bonasa Clements et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
—PygostyliaChiappe 2002
—Ornithothoraces
—OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithurae
—CarinataeMerrem 1813
suborderGalliformes(Temminck 1820)
familyPhasianidaeHorsfield 1821
genusBonasaStephens 1819

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Bonasa Stephens 1819
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Bonasa umbellus Linnaeus 1766 [ruffed grouse]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantf
Diet: granivoref
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 16:53:00
Modified: 2009-01-03 18:53:00
Source: f = family, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Thiollay 1994

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Calabrian to the top of the Holocene or 1.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.774 Ma

Collections (15 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Spain (Palencia) B. nini (213667)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Maryland) B. umbellus (20302)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) B. umbellus (82258 103991 104697)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) B. umbellus (20569)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) B. umbellus (20571)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) B. umbellus (84190)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) B. umbellus (84181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) B. umbellus (155393)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Tennessee) B. umbellus (82890)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) B. umbellus (104035)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) B. umbellus (224189)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Ohio) B. umbellus (195062 195066)