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Avemetatarsalia

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Avemetatarsalia was named by Benton (1999). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Nesbitt (2011).

It was reranked as the unranked clade Avemetatarsalia by Nesbitt et al. (2017).

It was assigned to Archosauria by Benton (1999), Nesbitt (2011) and Nesbitt et al. (2017).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1999Avemetatarsalia Benton
2011Avemetatarsalia Nesbitt p. 206 figs. 51, 52
2017Avemetatarsalia Nesbitt et al. p. 485

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
RankNameAuthor
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
informalAvemetatarsalia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Avemetatarsalia Benton 1999
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Unr. †Aphanosauria Nesbitt et al. 2017
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G. †Dongusuchus Sennikov 1988
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Dongusuchus efremovi Sennikov 1988
G. †Spondylosoma Huene 1942
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G. †Teleocrater Charig 1967
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Teleocrater rhadinus Charig 1967
G. Yarasuchus Sen 2005
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G. †Mambachiton Nesbitt et al. 2023
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Mambachiton fiandohana Nesbitt et al. 2023
Unr. Ornithodira Gauthier 1986 [ornithodiran]
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Unr. Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985
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Unr. Dinosauriformes Novas 1992
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Unr. Dinosauria Owen 1842 [dinosaur]
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G. †Ancistrodon Huxley 1865 [cottonmouth]
Fm. †Dictyoolithidae Zhao 1994
Fm. †Dongyangoolithidae Zhang et al. 2019
Fm. †Fusioolithidae Fernández and Khosla 2015
G. †Lagunculapes Hitchcock 1858
G. †Mosaicoolithus Wang et al. 2011
G. †Nyasasaurus Charig 1967
Superor. †Paleodinosauria Paul 1988
G. †Plectropterna Hitchcock 1845
+
Invalid names: Tarsoplectrus Lull 1904 [synonym]
Fm. †Polyclonoolithidae Xie et al. 2016
Subor. †Praepubici Jaekel 1910
Fm. †Prismatoolithidae Hirsch 1994
Unr. Saurischia Seeley 1888 [saurischian]
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Invalid names: Pachypodes Meyer 1845 [synonym]
Fm. †Similifaveoloolithidae Wang et al. 2011
Fm. †Stalicoolithidae Wang et al. 2012
Unr. Theropoda Marsh 1881 [theropod]
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Invalid names: Goniopoda Cope 1866 [synonym]
G. †Toyamasauripus Matsukawa et al. 1997
G. †Xiphopeza Hitchcock 1848
Fm. †Youngoolithidae Zhang 2010
Invalid names: Astrodon pusillus Lapparent and Zbyszewski 1957 [nomen dubium], Carnosauriformes Cooper 1985 [empty], Diplodocia Tornier 1913 [empty], Dystrophaeidae Huene 1904 [empty], Eudinosauria Novas 1992 [synonym], Gigantosauropus Mensink and Mertmann 1984 [nomen dubium], Harpagosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Herreravia Paul 1988 [empty], Huanglongpus Yang and Yang 1987 [nomen dubium], Iguanodonichnus Casamiquela and Fasola 1968 [nomen dubium], Megalosauridae Fitzinger 1843 [empty], Mirsosauropus Dzhailov and Novikov 1993 [nomen dubium], Neosauropus Antunes 1976 [nomen dubium], Omosaurus phillipsi Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Ornithischiformes Cooper 1985 [empty], Ornithoscelida Huxley 1870 [synonym], Phytodinosauria Bakker 1986 [empty], Phytophagi Jaekel 1914 [empty], Postpubici Jaekel 1910 [empty], Sauropodichnus Calvo 1991 [nomen dubium], Sinoichnites Kuhn 1958 [nomen dubium], Therophagi Jaekel 1914 [empty], Therosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Tretospondylia Owen 1876 [empty], Yunnanpus Chen and Huang 1993 [nomen dubium]
G. †Ignotosaurus Martínez et al. 2013
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Ignotosaurus fragilis Martínez et al. 2013
G. †Marasuchus Sereno and Arcucci 1994
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Marasuchus lilloensis Romer 1972
G. †Saltopus Huene 1910
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Saltopus elginensis Huene 1910
Unr. †Silesauridae Langer et al. 2010
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G. †Amanasaurus Müller and Garcia 2023
G. †Asilisaurus Nesbitt et al. 2010
G. †Gamatavus Pretto et al. 2022
G. †Lewisuchus Romer 1972
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Invalid names: Pseudolagosuchus Arcucci 1987 [synonym]
G. †Soumyasaurus Sarigul et al. 2018
Unr. †Sulcimentisauria Martz and Small 2019
Invalid names: Lewisuchinae Paul 1988 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Lagosuchus Romer 1971 [nomen dubium], Lagosuchus talampayensis Romer 1971 [nomen dubium]
G. †Prorotodactylus Ptaszynski 2000
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Prorotodactylus lutevensis Demathieu 1984
Prorotodactylus mirus Ptaszynski 2000
G. †Maehary Kellner et al. 2022
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Maehary bonapartei Kellner et al. 2022
Unr. †Pterosauromorpha Padian 1997
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Unr. †Lagerpetidae Arcucci 1986
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G. †Dromomeron Irmis et al. 2007
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Dromomeron gigas Martínez et al. 2016
Dromomeron gregorii Nesbitt et al. 2009
Dromomeron romeri Irmis et al. 2007
G. †Faxinalipterus Bonaparte et al. 2010
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Faxinalipterus minima Bonaparte et al. 2010
G. †Ixalerpeton Cabreira et al. 2016
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Ixalerpeton polesinensis Cabreira et al. 2016
G. †Kongonaphon Kammerer et al. 2020
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Kongonaphon kely Kammerer et al. 2020
G. †Lagerpeton Romer 1971
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Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer 1971
G. †Scleromochlus Woodward 1907
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Scleromochlus taylori Woodward 1907
G. †Venetoraptor Müller et al. 2023
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Venetoraptor gassenae Müller et al. 2023
Unr. †Pterosauria Kaup 1834 [pterosaur]
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G. †Anmolpakhi Malkani 2019
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Anmolpakhi alleni Malkani 2019
G. †Antipus Hitchcock 1858
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Antipus bifidus Hitchcock 1858
G. †Arcticodactylus Kellner 2015
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Arcticodactylus cromptonellus Jenkins et al. 2001
G. †Austriadactylus Dalla Vecchia et al. 2002
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Austriadactylus cristatus Dalla Vecchia et al. 2002
G. †Austriadraco Kellner 2015
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+
G. †Bergamodactylus Kellner 2015
G. †Campylognathoides Strand 1928
G. †Eudimorphodon Zambelli 1973
G. †Raeticodactylus Stecher 2008
G. †Carniadactylus Dalla Vecchia 2009
G. †Caviramus Fröbisch and Fröbisch 2006
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Caviramus schesaplanensis Fröbisch and Fröbisch 2006
G. †Daohugoupterus Cheng et al. 2015
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Daohugoupterus delicatus Cheng et al. 2015
Unr. †Eopterosauria Andres et al. 2014
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Unr. †Raeticodactylidae Andres et al. 2014
G. †Laopteryx Marsh 1881
Unr. †Macronychoptera Unwin 2003
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Fm. †Dimorphodontidae Seeley 1870
Unr. †Novialoidea Kellner 2003
G. †Parapsicephalus Arthaber 1919
Subor. †Ornithocephaliformes Hay 1930
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Fm. †Ornithocephalidae Hay 1902
G. †Ornithochirus Cope 1872
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G. †Palaeocursornis Kessler and Jurcsák 1986
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Invalid names: Eurolimnornis Kessler 1987 [replaced], Limnornis Kessler and Jurcsák 1984 [replaced], Palaeocursornis biharicus Kessler and Jurcsák 1986 [nomen dubium], Palaeolimnornis Jurcsák and Kessler 1985 [replaced]
G. †Preondactylus Wild 1984
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Fm. †Pteraichnidae Lockley et al. 1995
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G. †Pteraichnus Stokes 1957
G. †Purbeckopus Delair 1963
Subor. †Pterodactyloidea Plieninger 1901
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Fm. †Agadirichnidae Masrour et al. 2018
Superfm. †Archaeopterodactyloidea Kellner 1996
G. †Ardeadactylus Bennett 2013
Fm. †Aurorazhdarchidae Vidovic and Martill 2014
Unr. †Azhdarchoidea Unwin 1992
Superfm. †Dsungaripteroidea Young 1964
G. †Haenamichnus Hwang et al. 2002
G. †Herbstosaurus Casamiquela 1975 [Herbst lizard]
G. †Kryptodrakon Andres et al. 2014
Fm. †Lonchodraconidae Rodrigues and Kellner 2013
Unr. †Lophocratia Unwin 2003
G. †Mesadactylus Jensen and Padian 1989
G. †Ningchengopterus Lü 2009
G. †Nyctosaurus Marsh 1876
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Invalid names: Nyctodactylus Marsh 1881 [synonym]
Unr. †Ornithocheiridae Seeley 1870
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Invalid names: Criorhynchidae Hooley 1914 [synonym]
Unr. †Pteranodontia Marsh 1876
Fm. †Saraikisauridae Malkani 2014
Fm. †Tendaguripteridae Kellner et al. 2007
G. †Wenupteryx Codorniú and Gasparini 2013
Invalid names: Araripedactylus Wellnhofer 1977 [nomen dubium], Araripedactylus dehmi Wellnhofer 1977 [nomen dubium], Araripesaurus castilhoi Price 1971 [nomen dubium], Belonochasmatidae [empty], Cearadactylidae Wellnhofer 1991 [empty], Dermodactylus montanus Marsh 1878 [nomen dubium], Doratorhynchus validus Owen 1870 [nomen vanum], Eupterodactyloidea Bennett 1994 [empty], Ornithocheirus brachyrhinus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus bunzeli Seeley 1881 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus carteri Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus crassidens Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus dentatus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus enchorhynchus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus eurygnathus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus oxyrhinus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus scaphorhynchus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus tenuirostris Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus xyphorhynchus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithodesmidae Hooley 1913 [empty], Osteornis Rodrigues and Kellner 2013 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus grandipelvis Meyer 1860 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus grandis Cuvier 1824 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus longipes Münster 1859 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus woodwardi Owen 1861 [nomen dubium], Santanadactylus pricei Wellnhofer 1985 [nomen dubium], Titanopterygiidae Padian 1984 [empty]
Subor. †Rhamphorhynchoidea Plieninger 1901
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G. †Rhamphinion Padian 1984
Fm. †Scaphognathidae Hooley 1913
Invalid names: Comodactylus Galton 1981 [nomen dubium], Comodactylus ostromi Galton 1981 [nomen dubium], Eudimorphodontidae Wellnhofer 1978 [empty]
G. †Samrukia Naish et al. 2012
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Samrukia nessovi Naish et al. 2012
G. †Seazzadactylus Dalla Vecchia 2019
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Seazzadactylus venieri Dalla Vecchia 2019
Fm. †Wukongopteridae Wang et al. 2009
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G. †Kunpengopterus Wang et al. 2010
Invalid names: Aidacharidae Nessov 1981 [empty], Archaeopteryx vicensensis Lambrecht 1933 [nomen vanum], Austriadraconidae Kellner 2015 [empty], Campylognathoides indicus Jain 1974 [nomen dubium], Eurolimnornis Kessler and Jurcsák 1986 [nomen dubium], Eurolimnornis corneti Kessler and Jurcsák 1984 [nomen dubium], Laopteryx priscus Marsh 1881 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus hilsensis Koken 1883 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus nobilis Owen 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithosaurii Bonaparte 1838 [synonym], Ptenodactylus brachyrhinus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus capito Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus crassidens Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus dentatus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus enchorhynchus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Ptenodactylus eurygnathus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus macrorhinus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus oxyrhinus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus platystomus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus polyodon Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus scaphorhynchus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus tenuirostris Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Pteranodontes Gadow 1898 [empty], Pterodactyli Meyer 1830 [empty], Pterodactylus curtus Owen 1870 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus hopkinsi Seeley 1864 [nomen nudum], Pterodactylus huxleyi Seeley 1865 [nomen nudum], Pterodactylus oweni Seeley 1864 [nomen nudum], Pterodactylus primus Deffner and Fraas 1859 [nomen nudum], Pterodactylus suprajurensis Sauvage 1873 [nomen dubium], Rhamphorhynchus jessoni Lydekker 1890 [nomen dubium], Rhamphorhynchus manselii Owen 1874 [nomen dubium], Rhamphorhynchus pleydellii Owen 1874 [nomen dubium], Scaphognathoidea Hooley 1913 [empty], Sharivopterygia Olshevsky 1991 [empty], Tribelesodontoidea Nopcsa 1928 [empty]
Invalid names: Prorotodactylidae Ptaszynski 2000 [empty]
Invalid names: Scleromochlidae Huene 1914 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 100000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 300 gg
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:16:03
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:16:03
Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Peczkis 1995, Carroll 1988, Witton 2008, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Holocene or 251.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma

Collections (14299 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Triassic252.17 - 247.2United Kingdom (England) Deuterotetrapous triassicus (164930)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2Poland (Swietoryzskie) Prorotodactylus sp. (175800)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2USA (Utah) Eubrontes sp., Grallator sp. (105542)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Poland (Swietoryzskie) Prorotodactylus mirus (118063)
Olenekian251.2 - 247.2United Kingdom (England) Coelurosaurichnus ziegelangernensis, Coelurosaurichnus sp. A, Coelurosaurichnus sp. B (184045)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Russian Federation (Orenburg) Dongusuchus efremovi (28850 189562)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) Dongusuchus efremovi (97415)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0France (Languedoc-Rousillon) Rhynchosauroides lutevensis (199936)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0United Kingdom (England) Deuterotetrapous plancus (186039)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Tanzania (Ruvuma) Asilisaurus kongwe (94651 181056 181057 181058) Prestosuchidae indet. (136890) Silesauridae indet. (159740) Teleocrater rhadinus (185533 187940 192598) Thecodontosaurus alophos (136891)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Poland (Opolskie) Zanclodon silesiacus (96435)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Netherlands (Gelderland) Coelurosaurichnus ratumensis (96875)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Theropoda indet. (138123)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) Atreipus sp. (199901)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) Dinosauromorpha indet. (194584)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Yarasuchus deccanensis (89952)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (74513)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (137641)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) Anchisauripus bibractensis (62183 199909) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Anchisauripus sp., Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis, Coelurosaurichnus sp. (68226) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Anchisauripus sp., Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (62182) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Coelurosaurichnus palissyi (68222) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (68906) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Coelurosaurichnus sp. (199928) Coelurosaurichnus palissyi (31312) Coelurosaurichnus palissyi, Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (68223) Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi, Coelurosaurichnus sp., Anchisauripus sp. (28462) Dinosauria indet. (199911) Dinosauria indet., Dinosauria indet. (24834)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) Anchisauripus sp., Coelurosaurichnus sp. (31310) Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis (192151)