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Theriodontia
Taxonomy
Theriodontia was named by Owen (1876). It is extant.
It was reranked as the suborder Theriodontia by Zittel (1890), Seeley (1895), Woodward (1898), Osborn (1903), Kuhn (1946), Haughton and Brink (1954), Kuhn (1971), Colbert and Kitching (1977) and Battail and Surkov (2000); it was corrected as Theriodonti by Jaekel (1911); it was synonymized subjectively with Therapsida by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the suborder Theriodonta by Swinton (1934).
It was assigned to Therosuchia by Seeley (1895); to Anomodontia by Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); to Paratheria by Jaekel (1911); to Theromorpha by Nopcsa (1923); to Anomodontia by Woodward (1898), Osborn (1903) and Haughton (1924); to Theromorpha by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Theromorpha by Zittel (1890), Swinton (1934) and Kuhn (1946); to Synapsida by Olson (1966); to Therapsida by Roxo (1937), Haughton and Brink (1954) and Colbert and Kitching (1977); to Therapsida by Olson (1962), Kuhn (1971) and Battail and Surkov (2000); and to Neotherapsida by Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001).
It was reranked as the suborder Theriodontia by Zittel (1890), Seeley (1895), Woodward (1898), Osborn (1903), Kuhn (1946), Haughton and Brink (1954), Kuhn (1971), Colbert and Kitching (1977) and Battail and Surkov (2000); it was corrected as Theriodonti by Jaekel (1911); it was synonymized subjectively with Therapsida by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the suborder Theriodonta by Swinton (1934).
It was assigned to Therosuchia by Seeley (1895); to Anomodontia by Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); to Paratheria by Jaekel (1911); to Theromorpha by Nopcsa (1923); to Anomodontia by Woodward (1898), Osborn (1903) and Haughton (1924); to Theromorpha by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Theromorpha by Zittel (1890), Swinton (1934) and Kuhn (1946); to Synapsida by Olson (1966); to Therapsida by Roxo (1937), Haughton and Brink (1954) and Colbert and Kitching (1977); to Therapsida by Olson (1962), Kuhn (1971) and Battail and Surkov (2000); and to Neotherapsida by Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1876 | Theriodontia Owen |
| 1890 | Theriodontia Zittel p. 449 |
| 1895 | Theriodontia Seeley |
| 1898 | Theriodontia Gadow p. 18 |
| 1898 | Theriodontia Woodward p. 141 |
| 1903 | Lycosuchus mackayi Broom |
| 1903 | Theriodontia Osborn p. 276 |
| 1904 | Theriodontia Osborn p. 101 |
| 1911 | Theriodonti Jaekel p. 193 |
| 1913 | Lycosuchus mackayi Broom |
| 1923 | Theriodontia Nopcsa |
| 1924 | Theriodontia Haughton |
| 1928 | Theriodontia Perrier p. 3118 |
| 1934 | Theriodonta Swinton p. 49 |
| 1937 | Theriodontia Roxo p. 43 |
| 1946 | Theriodontia Kuhn p. 57 |
| 1954 | Theriodontia Haughton and Brink p. 6 |
| 1962 | Theriodonta Olson p. 47 |
| 1966 | Theriodonta Olson p. 302 |
| 1971 | Theriodontia Kuhn p. 22 |
| 1977 | Theriodontia Colbert and Kitching p. 3 |
| 1999 | Theriodontia Hopson p. 1257 |
| 2000 | Theriodontia Battail and Surkov p. 108 |
| 2001 | Theriodontia Rubidge and Sidor |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Theriodontia Owen 1876
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Infraor. †Rubidginoidea Haughton and Brink 1954
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Invalid names: Rubidginidae Haughton and Brink 1954 [empty]
Invalid names: Eutheriodontia [empty], Lycosauria [empty], Lycosuchus mackayi Broom 1903 [nomen dubium], Scaloposauria Brink 1963 [empty], Sesamodontidae Broom 1905 [empty]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. G. Seeley 1895 | The occipital plate is usually concave. The parietal crest is narrow with large temporal vacuities, and a zygoma into which the malar bone enters. The anterior nares are terminal; the palato-nares are defined by a hard palate. The teeth resemble incisors, canines, and molar teeth odf mammals in form and position. | |
| E. Perrier 1928 | Une paire de fosses temporales, bordées en dessous par le zygoma et séparées par le post-frontal rejoignant le zygoma. Dents différenciées en incisives, canines et molaires, comme chez les Mammifères. Canines inférieures précédant les supérieures. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Ladinian or 259.90000 to 237.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 259.51 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 259.51 Ma
Collections (9 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tatarian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Theriodontia indet. (196113) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Walteria skinneri (198713) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Theriodontia indet. (93207) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Theriodontia indet. (93027 189571) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Lycosuchus mackayi (178109) | |
| Lopingian | Madagascar (Tulear) | Theriodontia indet. (85506) | |
| Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Theriodontia indet. (189570) | |
| Ladinian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Theriodontia indet. (97439) |