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Crotalidae (pit viper)

Reptilia - Crotalidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1811Crotalinae Oppel
1871Crotalidae Cope p. 238
1875Crotalidae Cope p. 23
1890Crotalidae Zittel p. 631
1898Crotalinae Gadow p. 29
1902Crotalidae Hay p. 480
1928Crotalinae Perrier p. 3110
1930Crotalidae Hay p. 270
1940Crotalidae Olson p. 41
1946Crotalinae Kuhn p. 62
1966Crotalidae Kuhn p. 68
2007Crotalinae Parmley and Holman p. 141
2010Crotalinae Parmley and Hunter p. 538
2016Crotalinae Ikeda et al. p. 153

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
Squamata()
suborderOphidia(Latreille 1804)
Serpentes(Linnaeus 1758)
infraorderAlethinophidia
superfamilyColubroidea
familyCrotalidae()
familyCrotalidae()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Crotalidae Oppel 1811 [pit viper]
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G. †Agkistrodon Huxley 1865 [cottonmouth]
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Agkistrodon piscivorous Lacépède
G. Aploaspis Cope 1867
G. Caudisonia Laurenti 1768
G. Crotalus Linnaeus 1758 [rattlesnake]
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Crotalus adamanteus Palisot de Beauvois 1799 [eastern diamondback rattlesnake]
Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard 1853
Crotalus horridus Linnaeus 1758 [timber rattlesnake]
Crotalus lepidus Kennicott 1861 [rock rattlesnake]
Crotalus potterensis Brattstrom 1953
Crotalus viridis Rafinesque 1818 [prairie rattlesnake]
G. Gloydius Hoge and Hoge 1981
G. †Protagras Cope 1872
G. Protobothrops Hoge and Romano-Hoge 1983
G. Sistrurus Garman 1883 [pigmy rattlesnake]
G. Trimeresurus Lacépède 1804 [pitviper]
Subfm. Viperinae Oppel 1811
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G. Bitis Gray 1842 [puff adder]
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Invalid names: Clotho Gray 1842 [synonym]
G. Vipera Laurenti 1768
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Subg. Vipera (Daboia) Gray 1842 [oriental viper]
Subg. †Vipera (Macrovipera) Reuss 1927
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Macrovipera gedulyi Bolkay 1913
Vipera (Macrovipera) sarmatica Chkhikvadse and Lungu 1987
Subg. Vipera (Pelias) Merrem 1820
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Vipera (Pelias) berus Linnaeus 1758 [common adder]
Subg. Vipera (Vipera) Laurenti 1768
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Vipera (Vipera) ammodytes Linnaeus 1758 [sand viper]
Vipera (Vipera) aspis Linnaeus 1758 [asp viper]
Vipera (Vipera) meotica Zerova 1992
Vipera antiqua Szyndlar 1987
Vipera burgenlandica Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1987
Vipera gedulyi Bolkay 1913
Vipera latastei Boscà 1878
Vipera maghrebiana Rage 1976
Vipera maxima Szyndlar 1988
Vipera natiensis Bailon et al. 2002
Vipera platyspondyla Szyndlar 1987
Invalid names: Coluber kargii von Meyer 1845 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. Perrier 1928De chaque côté, entre la narine et l'œil, une fossette ne communiquant ni avec le nez, ni avec l'œil. Maxillaire fortement excavé à son angle supéro-postérieur. Tête grosse et complètement couverte d'écaillés.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 1 to the top of the Holocene or 23.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 22.4 Ma

Collections (260 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
MN 123.03 - 22.4Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) Vipera antiqua (69617)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44France (Auvergne) Vipera sp. (125333)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Kazakhstan (East Kasakhstan) Vipera sp., Pelias sp. (167805)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608Spain (Castile-La Mancha) Vipera sp. (136269)
MN 222.4 - 20.0France (Auvergne) Vipera sp. (136762)
MN 222.4 - 20.0Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) Vipera sp. (167464)
MN 222.4 - 20.0France (Aquitaine) Vipera sp. (136755)
MN 222.4 - 20.0France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Vipera sp. (136758)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Italy (Sardinia) Vipera sp. (138825)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Portugal (Lisbon) Vipera sp. (35985)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Japan (Gifu) Trimeresurus sp. (46950)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Delaware) Crotalinae indet. (18579)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Vipera sp. (69098)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Wyoming) Crotalinae indet. (19079)
MN 320.0 - 16.9Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Vipera sp. (69179)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Spain (Castile-La Mancha) Vipera sp. (60283)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Czech Republic (Moravia) Vipera sp. ("oriental vipers" group) (190142) Vipera sp. ("oriental vipers" group), Vipera sp. ("European vipers" group) (200140)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Czech Republic (Ústí nad Labem) Vipera sp. (48173)
Orleanian - Middle Miocene20.0 - 11.608France (Rhône-Alpes) Viperinae B, Viperinae A (26723)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary) Vipera platyspondyla, Vipera antiqua (138666)