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Anadara (ark)

Bivalvia - Arcida - Arcidae

Taxonomy
Anadara was named by Gray (1847) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-m-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 1112]. It is extant. Its type is Arca antiquata. It is the type genus of Anadarinae.

It was reranked as Scapharca (Anadara) by Dall (1898); it was reranked as Arca (Anadara) by Loel and Corey (1932) and Mansfield (1932).

It was assigned to Scapharca by Dall (1898); to Arca by Loel and Corey (1932) and Mansfield (1932); to Arcoida by Sepkoski (2002); to Arcidae by Woodring (1938), Mukerjee (1939), Durham (1944), DuBar (1958), Faustman (1964), Hertlein and Grant (1972), Marasti (1973), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Lamprell and Healy (1998) and Mikkelsen (2006); and to Anadarinae by Reinhart (1943), da Silva Forti (1969), Vokes (1980), Moore (1983), del Rio (1992), Perrilliat (1992), Coan et al. (2000), Tiwari (2001), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Morales-Ortega et al. (2016).

Species
A. (Anadara), A. (Caloosarca), A. (Cunearca) (syn. Imparilarca), A. (Diluvarca), A. (Esmerarca), A. (Grandiarca), A. (Larkinia), A. (Lunarca) (syn. Argina), A. (Mabellarca), A. (Potiarca), A. (Rasia), A. (Sectiarca), A. (Tegillarca), A. (Tosarca), A. aequatorialis (syn. Arca subelongata, Arca ovata), A. aequicostata, A. baughmani (syn. A. springeri), A. callicestosa, A. campsa, A. concinna (syn. Arca cumingiana), A. congesta, A. craticulata, A. crebricostata, A. cretacea, A. dasia, A. daviesi, A. fichteli (syn. Arca corbulodies), A. firmata, A. formosa, A. garoensis, A. gourae, A. guayubinica, A. halidonata, A. hermidermos, A. jacksoni, A. kroensis, A. macneili, A. magnoliana, A. molengraaffii, A. montereyana, A. mummi, A. nugax, A. nux, A. obesa, A. obliquidens, A. osmonti (syn. Arca barkeriana, Arca impavida), A. panensis, A. perlabiata (syn. Arca (Scapharca) labiata), A. preangerensis, A. prephina, A. protracta, A. quilonensis, A. reinharti, A. riogurabonica, A. santana, A. suboblonga, A. trilineata (syn. Arca schizotoma, Arca sulcicosta), A. tuberculosa, A. uropigimelana, A. woodringi, Arca (Anadara) heterosculpta
Species lacking formal opinion data
A. burnesi, A. chavezi, A. chilensis, A. clathrata, A. dameyi, A. delandensis, A. guajirensis, A. hypomela, A. improcera, A. kogachiensis, A. larkini, A. microtera, A. natalensis, A. philippiana, A. rectangularis, A. setoensis, A. suzukii, A. tarponensis, A. tectumcolumbae, A. turoniensis, A. watanabei, Arca montensis

Synonyms
  • Cara was named by Gray (1847). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Anadara by Coan et al. (2000).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1847Anadara Gray
1847Cara Gray
1898Scapharca (Anadara) Dall p. 657
1932Arca (Anadara) Loel and Corey
1932Arca (Anadara) Mansfield p. 50
1938Anadara Woodring p. 29
1939Anadara Mukerjee p. 26
1943Anadara Reinhart p. 39
1944Anadara Durham p. 136
1958Anadara DuBar p. 156
1964Anadara Faustman p. 114
1969Anadara da Silva Forti p. 66
1972Anadara Hertlein and Grant p. 154
1973Anadara Marasti p. 99
1980Anadara Vokes p. 14
1983Anadara Moore p. A36
1987Anadara Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1992Anadara Perrilliat p. 5
1992Anadara del Rio p. 14
1998Anadara Lamprell and Healy p. 52
2000Anadara Coan et al. pp. 132, 133
2001Anadara Tiwari p. 153
2002Anadara Sepkoski
2006Anadara Mikkelsen
2010Anadara Bouchet et al.
2016Anadara Morales-Ortega et al. p. 9

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
RankNameAuthor
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
—OstreomorphiFerussac 1822
—ArcioniGray 1854
orderArcida(Stoliczka 1871)
superfamilyArcoidea(Lamarck 1809)
familyArcidaeLamarck 1809
subfamilyAnadarinaeReinhart 1935
genusAnadaraGray 1847

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Anadara Gray 1847 [ark]
show all | hide all
Subg. Anadara (Caloosarca) Olsson 1961
+
†Anadara (Caloosarca) aequalitas Tucker and Wilson 1932
+
Invalid names: Arca gordita Lowe 1935 [synonym]
†Anadara (Caloosarca) rustica Tuomey and Holmes 1857
Subg. Anadara (Cunearca) Dall 1898
+
†Anadara (Cunearca) berjadinensis Hodson et al. 1927
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Invalid names: Arca cardiiformis Sowerby 1833 [replaced], Arca corculum Mörch 1861 [synonym], Arca cordata Deshayes 1857 [replaced]
†Anadara (Cunearca) buenavista Hodson et al. 1927
Anadara (Cunearca) ferruginea Reeve 1844 [rusty ark]
+
Invalid names: Anadara (Cunearca) vueltana Hodson et al. 1927 [synonym]
†Arca (Cunearca) cacica Olsson 1922
†Arca (Cunearca) esmeralda Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Cunearca lesueuri Dall 1848
†Cunearca scalarina Heilprin 1887
†Cunearca scalaris Conrad 1844
†Cunearca silverdalensis Kellum 1926
+
Invalid names: Arca sespeensis Wiedey 1928 [synonym]
†Scapharca (Cunearca) santaclarana Loel and Corey 1932
Invalid names: Imparilarca Iredale 1929 [synonym]
Subg. Anadara (Diluvarca) Woodring 1925
+
Subg. Anadara (Esmerarca) Olsson 1961
Subg. Anadara (Grandiarca) Olsson 1961
+
+
Invalid names: Arca (Anadara) nelsoni Spieker 1922 [synonym], Arca (Anadara) toroensis Spieker 1922 [synonym], Arca (Scapharca) crescens Spieker 1922 [synonym], Arca (Scapharca) imporcata Spieker 1922 [synonym], Arca obesiformis Grzybowski 1899 [synonym], Arca septifera Grzybowski 1899 [synonym], Arca websteri Pilsbry 1910 [synonym]
Subg. Anadara (Larkinia) Reinhart 1935
+
+
Invalid names: Arca auriculata Lamarck 1819 [synonym], Arca deshayesii Hanley 1843 [synonym]
†Anadara (Larkinia) sellardsi Mansfield 1932
†Larkinia camuloensis Osmont 1904
Larkinia grandis Broderip and Sowerby 1829
+
†Arca grandis waringi Maury 1925
Invalid names: Arca quadrilatera Sowerby 1833 [synonym]
†Larkinia larkinii Nelson 1870
Larkinia multicostata Sowerby 1833
Subg. Anadara (Lunarca) Gray 1857
+
†Lunarca arthurpennelli Maury 1917
†Lunarca billingsiana Maury 1912
†Lunarca bolivarensis Clark and Durham 1946
Lunarca brevifrons Sowerby I 1833
+
Lunarca brevifrons bucaruana Sheldon and Maury in Maury 1922
†Lunarca brightonensis Maury 1912
†Lunarca colombiana Clark and Durham 1946
Lunarca costata Gray 1857
Lunarca melanoderma Pilsbry and Lowe 1932
Lunarca ovalis Bruguiere 1789
+
Invalid names: Arca campechiensis Gmelin 1791 [synonym], Arca pexata Say 1822 [synonym]
†Lunarca pennelli Gabb 1873
†Lunarca proletaria Pilsbry and Johnson 1917
Lunarca vespertina Mörch 1861
Invalid names: Argina Gray [synonym]
Subg. Anadara (Mabellarca) Iredale 1939
Subg. †Anadara (Potiarca) Iredale 1939
+
†Anadara (Potiarca) saladillaensis Hodson et al. 1927
†Potiarca bonplandiana d'Orbigny 1842
Subg. †Anadara (Rasia) Gray 1857
+
+
Invalid names: Anadara istmica Perrilliat 1960 [synonym]
†Anadara (Rasia) athroa Woodring 1973
†Anadara (Rasia) bravardi de Rio 1987
†Anadara (Rasia) carmenensis Clark and Durham 1946
†Anadara (Rasia) cornellana Hodson et al. 1927
†Anadara (Rasia) dariensis Brown and Pilsbry 1911
+
Invalid names: Anadara (Sectiarca) losquemadica Maury 1917 [synonym], Arca gatunensis Toula 1911 [synonym]
†Anadara (Rasia) democraciana Hodson et al. 1927
†Anadara (Rasia) honensis Olsson 1922
†Anadara (Rasia) lita Woodring 1973
†Anadara (Rasia) mirandana Hodson et al. 1927
†Anadara (Rasia) tamarana Hodson et al. 1927
†Anadara (Rasia) tirantensis Hodson et al. 1927
†Anadara (Rasia) wiedenmayeri Hodson et al. 1927
†Anadara (Rasia) zuliana Hodson et al. 1927
†Rasia arata Say 1824
Subg. Anadara (Sectiarca) Olsson 1961
+
+
Invalid names: Arca (Scapharca) sobrina Pilsbry and Johnson 1917 [synonym]
Subg. Anadara (Tegillarca) Iredale 1939
+
+
Invalid names: Anadara oblonga Dunker 1866 [synonym], Arca cuneata Reeve 1844 [synonym]
Subg. †Anadara (Tosarca) Noda 1965
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†Anadara (Tosarca) campta Woodring 1973
Anadara aequatorialis d'Orbigny 1846
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Invalid names: Arca ovata Reeve 1844 [replaced], Arca subelongata Nyst 1848 [synonym]
†Anadara aequicostata Conrad 1845
Anadara baughmani Hertlein 1951
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Invalid names: Anadara springeri Rehder and Abbott 1951 [synonym]
†Anadara callicestosa Dall 1898
†Anadara campsa Dall 1898
Anadara concinna Sowerby 1833
+
Invalid names: Arca cumingiana Nyst 1848 [synonym]
†Anadara congesta Conrad 1856
†Anadara cretacea Conrad 1869
†Anadara dasia Woodring 1925
†Anadara daviesi Mukerjee 1939
†Anadara fichteli Deshayes 1850
+
Invalid names: Arca corbulodies Trentanove 1901 [synonym]
†Anadara firmata Mayer 1868
Anadara formosa Sowerby 1833
†Anadara garoensis Mukerjee 1939
†Anadara gourae Dey 1961
†Anadara guayubinica Maury 1917
†Anadara halidonata Dall 1898
Anadara hermidermos Philippi 1845
†Anadara jacksoni Cooper 2014
†Anadara kroensis Boettger 1883
†Anadara macneili Mansfield 1938
†Anadara magnoliana Gardner 1943
†Anadara molengraaffii Martin 1914
†Anadara montereyana Osmont 1904
†Anadara mummi Mansfield 1938
†Anadara nugax Iredale 1939
Anadara nux Sowerby I 1833
Anadara obesa Sowerby 1833
†Anadara obliquidens Boettger 1883
†Anadara osmonti Dall 1909
+
Invalid names: Arca barkeriana Clark 1918 [synonym], Arca impavida Wiedey 1928 [synonym]
†Anadara panensis Ihering 1914
Anadara perlabiata Grant, IV and Gale 1931
+
Invalid names: Arca (Scapharca) labiata Sowerby 1833 [replaced]
†Anadara preangerensis Martin 1910
†Anadara prephina Woodring 1925
†Anadara protracta Rogers and Rogers 1837
†Anadara quilonensis Dey 1961
†Anadara riogurabonica Maury 1917
†Anadara santana Loel and Corey 1932
+
†Larkinia santana weddlei Loel and Corey 1932
†Anadara suboblonga Boettger 1883
†Anadara trilineata Conrad 1856
+
†Anadara (Anadara) trilineata calcarea Grant, IV and Gale 1931
Invalid names: Arca schizotoma Dall 1898 [synonym], Arca sulcicosta Gabb 1866 [synonym]
Anadara tuberculosa Sowerby I 1833
†Anadara uropigimelana Bory 1824
†Anadara woodringi Perrilliat 1960
†Larkinia santana santana Reinhart 1943
Invalid names: Cara Gray 1847 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
height56.774.509.007.301.76

Composition: aragonitef
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Adult height: 10 to < 100f
Thickness: intermediatef
Folds: minorf
Ribbing: majorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: lagoonal, coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanic, brackish, freshwaterf
Locomotion: facultatively mobileg
Attached: yesf
Life habit: semi-infaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: limitedf
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: Mostly SI, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g
Created: 2009-09-09 13:20:13
Modified: 2009-09-09 15:20:13
Source: g = genus, f = family
References: Sanchez Roig 1926, Mikkelsen and Bieler 2008

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Valanginian to the top of the Holocene or 139.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 132.9 Ma

Collections (1495 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9France Arca ferruginea (2223)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Austria (Salzburg) Arca heterosculpta (84335)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Mexico Anadara sp. (159091)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Indonesia Anadara molengraaffii (70082 78745 79524)
Middle Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene47.8 - 28.4Haiti Scapharca cercadica (173456)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Texas) Anadara vaughani (99035)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Mississippi) Anadara vaughani (99674 99736 205508)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0United Kingdom (England) Anadara globulosa (42636)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Colombia (Bolivar) Anadara carmenensis (3312)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Louisiana) Anadara vaughani (98940)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Germany (Bavaria) Anadara sp. (10703)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Romania Anadara globulosa (102026)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Oregon) Anadara sp. (39002)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Colombia (Sucre) Lunarca bolivarensis (42825)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Venezuela Anadara sp. (134867)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Colombia (Bolivar) Anadara olssoni (3315)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Panama Anadara carmenensis (42531) Anadara sp. (42537)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4USA (Florida) Anadara mummi, Anadara macneili (41197)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Australia (Victoria) Anadara interclathrata (71236)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (Mississippi) Anadara macneili (155947) Anadara mummi (179336 205617) Anadara mummi, Anadara macneili (169205) Arca mississippiensis (84137) Scapharca lesueuri (5999 6002 6003 6004 6005 6006 6008 7110 7111 7112 66307 66308 66309 66310 66311 66312 66313 66314 66315 66316 66317 66318 66319 66320 66321 66322 66323 66324 66325 66326 66327 66328 66329 66330 66331 66332 66333 66334 66335 66336)