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Botula

Bivalvia - Mytilida - Mytilidae

Taxonomy
Botula was named by Mörch (1853) [Sepkoski's age data: K Apti-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 1112]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Modiolus (Botula) by Dall (1898) and Cooke (1919).

It was assigned to Modiolus by Dall (1898) and Cooke (1919); to Mytiloida by Sepkoski (2002); to Modiolinae by Rosenberg (2005); to Mytilidae by Vokes (1980), Lamprell and Healy (1998), Todd (2001) and Mikkelsen (2006); and to Botulini by Bouchet et al. (2010).

Species
B. cassiana, B. cinnamomeus, B. fusca, B. pirriei
Species lacking formal opinion data
B. carolinensis, B. similoides

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1853Botula Mörch
1898Modiolus (Botula) Dall p. 797
1919Modiolus (Botula) Cooke p. 145
1980Botula Vokes p. 23
1998Botula Lamprell and Healy p. 88
2001Botula Todd
2002Botula Sepkoski
2005Botula Rosenberg
2006Botula Mikkelsen
2010Botula Bouchet et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
RankNameAuthor
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
—MytilomorphiFerussac 1822
orderMytilida(Rafinesque 1815)
superfamilyMytiloideaRafinesque 1815
familyMytilidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyModiolinae(Termier and Termier 1950)
genusBotulaMörch 1853

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Botula Mörch 1853
show all | hide all
†Botula cassiana Bittner 1895
Botula cinnamomeus Lamarck 1819
Botula fusca Gmelin 1791
†Botula pirriei Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Composition 2: low Mg calcitef
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Adult height: 10 to < 100f
Thickness: intermediatef
Folds: nonef
Ribbing: minorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: lagoonal, coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanic, brackish, freshwaterf
Locomotion: stationaryg
Attached: yesg
Epibiont: yessubf
Life habit: boringg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Comments: ECOSPACE CODE: 561. LIFE HISTORY: WN, MA/SE, BA, SU according to Todd (2001).g
Created: 2004-02-29 17:49:15
Modified: 2009-10-10 16:28:54
Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Julian to the top of the Holocene or 235.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 232.0 Ma

Collections (134 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Julian235.0 - 232.0Italy B. cassiana (144634)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46Lebanon B. similoides (69180)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (Kansas) B. carolinensis (1986 1992 1993 1995 2004 2011 2013 2015 2019 2020 2022 2025 2040)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Texas) B. carolinensis (6466 6548) B. plumosa (6578)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Texas) B. carolinensis (4644)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (North Carolina) B. carolinensis (7625)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) B. ripleyana (1338)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Austria B. alpina (1379)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Texas) B. carolinensis (1296 1392 1393 1394 7480 7521) B. conchafodentis (1300 4543)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Georgia) B. ripleyana, B. conchafodentis (1309)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India B. tumidula (1351)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Maryland) B. ripleyana, B. conchafodentis, B. lingua (1312)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (South Carolina) B. carolinensis (1310)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) B. ripleyana (1313 26818)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Alabama) B. carolinensis (1352 83239)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0France (Normandy) B. sp. (1325)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) B. carolinensis (1303 1304 1305) B. carolinensis, B. ripleyana (1391)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Arkansas) B. conchafodentis (1302 4391)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Germany B. alpina (1342)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Netherlands B. similis (1326)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Georgia) B. conchafodentis (4336) B. ripleyana (4309)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Alabama) B. conchafodentis (4260)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Texas) B. carolinensis (4395 4396 4410 4413 4434 4472 4509 7446) B. conchafodentis (4445)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Alabama) B. carolinensis (4200 83238) B. ripleyana (4207)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) B. carolinensis (4106 4127 4128 4133 4136 4146 4147 4161) B. carolinensis, B. ripleyana (4137) B. ripleyana (4142)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Maryland) B. conchafodentis (4367 4368 4376) B. conchafodentis, B. lingua (4365 4370) B. conchafodentis, B. lingua, B. ripleyana (4369)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (South Carolina) B. carolinensis (4354 4355)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Belgium B. similis (26879)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Alabama) B. carolinensis (83261)
Danian66.0 - 61.6France B. sp. (20816)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0France B. cordata, B. papyracea (78567)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Alabama) B. sp. (205489)
Bartonian - Priabonian41.3 - 33.9Russian Federation B. tumiensis (50151)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Italy B. cordata (78565)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Antarctica (Seymour Island) B. pirriei (63553)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Germany (Bavaria) B. cordata (10703)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Russian Federation B. tumiensis (49974 50133)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Russian Federation B. tumiensis (70565)
Chattian - Aquitanian28.1 - 20.44USA (Florida) Modiolus cinnamomeus (60985 61051 61100 61102 61107 61110 61111 61124)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Cuba Modiolus cinnamomeus (75302 75310)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Florida) Modiolus cinnamomeus (41760)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Panama B. fusca (49493)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Austria Mytilus fuscus (77403)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62Egypt B. sp. (50925)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Bulgaria B. subcordata (60288)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Italy (Pordenone) Mytilus fuscus (37365 37367 37368)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Dominican Republic B. hispaniolae (58867)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Morocco B. fusca (34723 70890)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy B. sp. (70513)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria B. fusca (69864 70861 70862 70863 70864 70880 70882 70885 70887)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (California) B. sp. (200398)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Costa Rica (Limon) B. sp. (79990)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) B. fusca (67069)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Kenya B. sp. (81092)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Jamaica B. fusca (80407)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (Western Australia) B. silicula (63356) B. vagina (63351)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bermuda B. fusca (67946)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) B. fusca (97606 97608 97609)