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Irregularia

Echinoidea

Taxonomy
Irregularia was named by Latreille (1825). It is extant.

It was reranked as the subclass Irregularia by Clark and Twitchell (1915); it was reranked as the unranked clade Irregularia by Smith (1991), Smith (1995) and Kroh and Smith (2010).

It was assigned to Echinoida by Latreille (1825); to Euechinoidea by Smith (1991); to Echinoidea by Clark and Twitchell (1915) and Smith (1995); and to Carinacea by Kroh and Smith (2010).

Subtaxa
Atelostomata, Echinoneoida, Holectypoida, Microstomata, Pygasteridae
Sister taxa
Pygasteridae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Irregularia Latreille p. 533
1915Irregularia Clark and Twitchell p. 33
1991Irregularia Smith p. 35
1995Irregularia Smith p. 178
2010Irregularia Kroh and Smith p. 171

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
RankNameAuthor
—Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Irregularia()
—Irregularia()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Irregularia Latreille 1825
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Unr. Atelostomata von Zittel 1879
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G. †Aulacopygus Pomel 1883
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†Aulacopygus caudatus Wright 1852
Fm. †Collyritidae d'Orbigny 1853
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G. †Grasia
G. †Pygomalus
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†Pygomalus analis Agassiz 1835
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Invalid names: Collyrites faba Desor 1858 [synonym]
†Pygomalus ovalis Leske 1778
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Invalid names: Dysaster robinaldinus Cotteau 1851 [synonym]
Fm. †Disasteridae Gras 1848
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G. †Acrolusia
G. †Corthya
G. †Disaster
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†Disaster granulosus Goldfuss 1827
†Disaster moeschi Desor 1858
†Disaster subelongatus d'Orbigny 1853
Invalid names: Dysaster Agassiz 1839 [nomen vanum]
Subfm. †Disasterinae Gras 1848
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G. †Oustechinus Lambert 1931
Subfm. †Pygorhytinae Lambert 1909
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Or. Holasteroida Durham and Melville 1957
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Fm. Calymnidae Mortensen 1907
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G. Calymne Thomson 1877
G. †Coraster
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†Coraster vilanovae Cotteau 1886
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Invalid names: Coraster frechi Boehm 1927 [synonym], Coraster marsooi Seunes 1888 [synonym], Coraster munieri Seunes 1888 [synonym], Coraster sphaericus Seunes 1888 [synonym], Coraster urmaensis Moskvin 1982 [synonym]
G. †Coryslus
G. †Eoholaster Solovjev 1989
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†Eoholaster laffittei Devries 1960
†Eoholaster poslavskae Solovjev 1989
Subor. †Meridosternata Lovèn 1883
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Infraor. †Cardiasterina Pomel 1883
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Fm. †Cardiasteridae Lambert 1917
Invalid names: Stegasteridae Lambert 1917 [empty], Stegasterina Lambert 1917 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Holasteridae Pictet 1857
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G. †Aurelianaster Lambert and Thiéry 1925
G. †Cardiaster Forbes 1850
G. †Cibaster Pomel 1883
G. †Echinocorys Leske 1778
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Invalid names: Ananchytes Lamarck 1816 [synonym], Galeola [synonym], Spatagoides [objective synonym]
G. †Galeaster
G. †Giraliaster Foster and Philip 1978
G. †Guettaria
G. †Hagenowia
G. †Holaster Agassiz 1836
G. †Infulaster Desor 1858
G. †Jeronia
G. †Lampadocorys Pomel 1883
G. †Offaster
G. †Pseudananchys Pomel 1883
G. †Pseudoholaster Pomel 1883
G. †Rispolia
G. †Stegaster Pomel 1883
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Invalid names: Seunaster [synonym]
G. †Taphraster Pomel 1883
G. †Tholaster
G. †Toxopatagus Pomel 1883
Infraor. Urechinina Clark 1946
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Fm. Plexechinidae Mooi and David 1996
Fm. Pourtalesiidae Agassiz 1881
Fm. Urechinidae Duncan 1889
Invalid names: Carnarechinidae Mironov 1993 [empty]
Invalid names: Echinocorythidae Wright 1857 [empty]
G. †Physaster Pomel 1883
G. †Pomaster
G. †Pseudholaster Pomel 1883
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†Pseudholaster barthouxi Fourtau 1921
†Pseudholaster bicarinatus Agassiz 1847
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Invalid names: Holaster lerichei Dartevelle 1953 [synonym], Pseudholaster androaviensis Lambert 1933 [synonym]
G. †Smithiaster Barras 2007
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†Smithiaster loryi Gras 1852
Fm. †Stenonasteridae Lambert 1922
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G. †Stenonaster Lambert 1922
Invalid names: Hemipneustidae Lambert 1917 [empty], Pseudholasteridae Smith and Jeffery 2000 [empty]
G. †Notidisaster Smith and Crame 2012
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†Notidisaster subitus Smith and Crame 2012
G. †Orbigniana Ebray 1860
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†Orbignyana canaliculata Quenstedt 1852
†Orbignyana ebrayi Cotteau 1872
Or. Spatangoida Agassiz 1840 [heart urchin]
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G. †Amoraster
G. Archaeopneustes Gregory 1892
G. †Barnumia Cooke 1953
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†Barnumia browni Cooke 1953
Subor. Brissidina Stockley et al. 2005
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Fm. Asterostomatidae Pictet 1857 [heart urchin]
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G. Argopatagus Agassiz 1879 [heart urchin]
G. †Brissolampas Pomel 1883 [heart urchin]
G. †Brissomorpha Laube 1871 [heart urchin]
G. †Cleistechinus de Loriol 1882 [heart urchin]
G. Delopatagus Koehler 1907 [heart urchin]
G. Elipneustes Koehler 1914 [heart urchin]
G. Genicopatagus Agassiz 1879 [heart urchin]
G. Heterobrissus Manzoni and Mazzetti 1877 [heart]
G. Linopneustes Agassiz 1881 [heart urchin]
G. †Megapetalus Clark 1929 [heart urchin]
G. †Moronaster Sanchez Riog 1952 [heart urchin]
G. Palaeobrissus Agassiz 1883 [heart urchin]
G. Paleotrema Koehler 1914 [heart urchin]
G. Peripatagus Koehler 1895 [heart urchin]
G. Platybrissus Grube 1865 [heart urchin]
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Invalid names: Platybryssus Meissner 1903 [objective synonym]
G. Plesiozonus de Meijere 1902 [heart urchin]
G. †Prosostoma Pomel 1883 [heart urchin]
G. Pycnolampas Agassiz and Clark 1907 [heart urchin]
G. †Pygospatangus Cotteau 1888 [heart urchin]
Fm. Brissidae Gray 1855
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G. †Arcaechinus Kier 1957
G. †Brissopatagus Cotteau 1863
G. Brissopsis Agassiz 1840
G. Brissus Gray 1825
G. Cyclaster Cotteau 1856
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Invalid names: Palmeraster Sánchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
G. Eupatagus Agassiz 1847
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Invalid names: Spatangomorpha Boehm 1882 [synonym]
G. †Hysteraster McNamara 1992
G. Macropneustes Agassiz 1847
G. †Mariania
G. Meoma Gray 1851
G. Metalia Gray 1855
G. Plagiobrissus Pomel 1883
G. †Plesiopatagus Pomel 1883
G. †Rojasia
G. Taimanawa Henderson and Fell 1969
G. †Trachypatagus Pomel 1869
Invalid names: Brissopsidae Lambert 1905 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Palaeotropidae Lambert 1896
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G. Palaeotropus Lovén 1872 [heart urchin]
Superfm. Spatangidea Fischer 1966
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Fm. Loveniidae Lambert 1905
Fm. Spatangidae Gray 1825
Invalid names: Eupatangidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Eurypataginae Kroh 2007 [empty], Macropneustidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Maretiidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Megapneustidae Fourtau 1905 [empty]
Invalid names: Antillasteridae Lambert and Thiéry 1924 [empty]
G. †Brissoides Klein 1778
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†Brissoides brevipetalum Sanchez Roig 1924
†Brissoides cubensis Cotteau 1875
†Brissoides depressus Dubois 1843
†Brissoides elongatum Sanchez Roig 1924
†Brissoides formosus de Lortiol 1881
†Brissoides herrerae Sanchez Roig 1924
†Brissoides mayor Lambert 1922
†Brissoides munozi Lambert 1924
G. †Cagaster
Fm. †Echinocoridae Lambert 1917
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+
†Sternotaxis planus Mantell 1822
Invalid names: Echinocorinae Lambert 1917 [empty]
Fm. Hemiasteridae Clark 1917
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G. †Cheopsia
G. †Eoagassizia Grant and Hertlein 1938
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†Eoagassizia alta Grant and Hertlein 1938
G. Hemiaster Agassiz and Desor 1847 [heart urchin]
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Subg. †Hemiaster (Bolbaster) Pomel 1869
Subg. †Hemiaster (Gregoryaster) Lambert 1907
Subg. †Hemiaster (Hemiaster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924 [heart urchin]
Subg. Hemiaster (Holanthus) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Integraster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Leymeriaster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Trachyaster) Pomel 1869
†Hemiaster aequisgranensis Schluter 1899
†Hemiaster amelianus Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster antillensis Cotteau 1881
†Hemiaster arcolensis Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster arcticus Shmidt 1976
†Hemiaster atavus Cotteau 1883
†Hemiaster beecheri Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemiaster bufo Brongniart 1822
†Hemiaster californicus Clark 1891
†Hemiaster calvini Clark 1893
†Hemiaster comanchei Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemiaster delawarensis Clark 1916
†Hemiaster dewalquei Cotteau 1881
†Hemiaster elegans Shumard 1853
†Hemiaster gonzalezmunozi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Hemiaster humphreysanus Meek and Hayden 1856
†Hemiaster moscovensis Cooke 1959
†Hemiaster orbignyi Desor 1858
†Hemiaster parastatus Morton 1833
†Hemiaster paronai Checchia-Rispoli 1921
†Hemiaster proclivus Cotteau et al. 1878
†Hemiaster regulusanus d'Orbigny 1854
†Hemiaster sabinal Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster scutiger Sharpe 1849
†Hemiaster stella Morton 1830
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Invalid names: Hemiaster (Integraster) garumnicus Lambert 1924 [synonym], Hemiaster garumnicus Lambert 1936 [synonym], Hemiaster hawkinsi Lambert 1933 [synonym], Hemiaster incrassatus Clark 1891 [synonym], Hemiaster madagascariensis Cottreau 1922 [synonym], Hemiaster punctatus dOrbigny 1856 [synonym], Hemiaster rutoti Lambert 1911 [synonym], Hemiaster tamulicus Kossmat 1897 [synonym], Trachyaster spissus Lambert 1924 [synonym]
†Hemiaster texanus Roemer 1849
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Invalid names: Hemiaster americanus Giebel 1853 [synonym]
†Hemiaster ungula Morton 1833
†Hemiaster welleri Clark 1907
†Hemiaster wetherbyi de Loriol 1887
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Invalid names: Hemiaster benhurensis Stephenson 1941 [synonym], Hemiaster bexari Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Hemiaster lacunosus Slocom 1909 [synonym]
†Hemiaster zululandensis Besairie and Lambert 1930
Invalid names: Hemiaster globulosus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Hemiaster kuemmeli Clark 1907 [nomen dubium], Hemiaster sibiricus Shmidt 1976 [nomen nudum]
G. †Hypsopatagus Pomel 1869
G. †Mecaster Pomel 1883
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†Hemiaster (Mecaster) syriacus Conrad in Lynch 1852
†Mecaster africanus Coquand 1862
†Mecaster aumalensis Coquand 1862
†Mecaster batnensis Coquand 1862
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Invalid names: Hemiaster cedroensis Maury 1936 [synonym], Hemiaster delgadoi de Loriol 1888 [synonym], Hemiaster jacksoni Maury 1925 [synonym]
†Mecaster fourneli Agassiz and Dessor 1847
†Mecaster nicaisei Coquand 1862
†Mecaster orbignyanus Desor 1857
†Mecaster palpebratus Loriol 1888
†Mecaster pseudofourneli Peron and Gauthier 1878
†Mecaster semicavatus Peron and Gauthier 1880
†Mecaster toucasanus d'Orbigny 1854
†Mecaster verneuili Desor 1847
†Mecaster victoris Lambert 1932
G. †Periaster
G. †Psephoaster McNamara 1987
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†Psephoaster apokryphos McNamara 1987
†Psephoaster klydonos McNamara 1987
†Psephoaster lissos McNamara 1987
G. †Tripylaster Mortensen 1917
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†Tripylaster philippii Gray 1851
Subor. Hemiasterina Fischer 1966
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Fm. Palaeostomatidae Lovèn 1868
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G. Hypselaster Clark 1917
G. †Kertaster
G. †Leymeriaster Lambert and Thiéry 1924
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†Leymeriaster eluvialis van der Ham 1995
Subor. Micrasterina Fischer 1966
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Fm. Aeropsidae Lambert 1896
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Subfm. †Corasterinae Lambert and Thiéry 1924
G. †Sphenaster Smith et al. 1999
Fm. †Micrasteridae Lambert 1920
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G. †Micraster Agassiz 1836
G. †Ovulaster
Invalid names: Cyclasterinae Poslavskaya 1964 [empty]
Invalid names: Ovulasteridae Lambert 1896 [empty], Plesiasteridae Lambert 1920 [empty]
G. †Mundaster
G. †Murraypneustes Holmes et al. 2005
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†Murraypneustes biannulatus Holmes et al. 2005
G. †Niponaster Lambert 1920
G. †Orthaster
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†Orthaster dagestanensis Moskvin 1982
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Invalid names: Orthaster okhliensis Moskvin 1982 [synonym]
Subor. Paleopneustina Agassiz 1904
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Superfm. Paleopneustidea Agassiz 1904
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Fm. Paleopneustidae Agassiz 1904
Invalid names: Pericosmidae Lambert 1905 [empty]
Fm. Prenasteridae Lambert 1905
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G. †Carolinaster Osborn et al. 2016
Invalid names: Unifasciidae Cooke 1959 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Schizasteridae Lambert 1905
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G. Agassizia Valenciennes 1846
G. Brisaster Gray 1855
G. †Caribbaster Kier 1984
G. Diploporaster Mortensen 1950
G. †Kina Henderson 1975
G. †Lambertona Sanchez-Roig 1953
G. †Linthia Desor 1853
G. Moira Agassiz 1872
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Invalid names: Moera Michelin 1855 [replaced]
G. †Opissaster Pomel 1883
G. †Prenaster Desor 1853
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Invalid names: Protenaster Pomel 1883 [synonym]
G. †Proraster
G. Schizaster Agassiz 1835
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Invalid names: Aplospatangus Lambert 1907 [synonym], Brachybrissus Pomel 1883 [synonym]
G. †Tripylus
Invalid names: Brisasterinae Markov 1994 [empty]
Invalid names: Periasteridae Lambert 1920 [empty]
G. †Peroniaster Gauthier 1887
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†Peroniaster cotteaui Gauthier 1887
G. †Pliotoxaster Fourtau 1906
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†Pliotoxaster collegnii Sismonda 1843
†Pliotoxaster dieneri de Loriol 1887
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Invalid names: Pliotoxaster lyonsi Fourtau 1906 [synonym]
Fm. †Somaliasteridae Wagner and Durham 1966
+
+
†Iraniaster bowersi Kier 1972
†Iraniaster morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
G. Spatagobrissus Clark 1923
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†Spatagobrissus dermodyorum Holmes et al. 2005
G. †Tessieria
Fm. †Toxasteridae Lambert 1920
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G. †Adytaster
G. †Aphelaster Lambert 1920
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†Douvillaster triangularis Sanchez Roig 1949
G. †Enallaster d'Orbigny 1853
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Enallaster texanus Roemer 1849
†Enallaster yuasensis Tanaka and Okubo 1954
G. †Enallopneustes Pomel 1883
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†Heteraster constrictus Fourtau 1921
†Heteraster oblongus Brogniart 1821
G. †Isaster
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†Isaster aquitanicus Grateloup 1836
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Invalid names: Epiaster aquitanicus dOrbigny 1853 [synonym], Ismidaster toulai Boehm 1927 [synonym]
†Isaster benguellensis de Loriol 1888
G. †Macraster Roemer 1888
G. †Polydesmaster Lambert 1920
G. †Toxaster Agassiz 1839
+
†Toxaster retusus Lamarck 1816
G. †Wuarnia
Invalid names: Asterostomatina Fischer 1966 [empty], Palaeostomidae Lovèn 1868 [empty], Toxasterina Fischer 1966 [empty]
Fm. †Tithoniidae Solovjev 1966
+
G. †Tetraromania Solovjev 1971
G. †Tithonia Pomel 1883
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†Tithonia berriasensis de Loriol 1873
†Tithonia convexa Catullo 1827
†Tithonia exile Eichwald 1865
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Invalid names: Tithonia heinzi Coquand 1880 [synonym]
†Tithonia munsteri Desor 1848
†Tithonia oxfordiana Gaillard et al. 2011
†Tithonia praeconvexa Jesionek-Szymanska 1963
†Tithonia transversa Cotteau 1867
Invalid names: Acrolusiidae Mintz 1968 [empty], Asternata [empty], Pycnasterides Pomel 1869 [empty], Sternata [empty]
Or. Echinoneoida Clark 1925
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Superfm. †Conulidea Kroh and Smith 2010
+
Fm. †Conulidae Lambert 1911
+
G. †Conulus Leske 1778
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Subg. †Conulus (Conulopyrina) Hawkins 1921
Subg. †Conulus (Conulus) Leske 1778
†Conulus antillensis Cotteau 1881
†Conulus douvillei Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
+
Invalid names: Pyrina mortenseni Checchia-Rispoli 1932 [synonym]
†Conulus elongatus Roemer 1865
†Conulus raulini d'Orbigny 1856
†Conulus stephensoni Cooke 1953
G. †Globator Agassiz 1840
+
†Globator aegyptiaca El Qot 2021
†Globator bleicheri Gauthier 1889
+
Invalid names: Pyrina orientalis Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym], Pyrina zumoffeni de Loriol 1897 [synonym]
†Globator vaughani Cooke 1953
G. †Pygopyrina Pomel 1883
Invalid names: Galeritidae Gray 1825 [empty], Neoglobatoridae Endelman 1980 [empty]
Fm. Echinoneidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
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G. †Amblypygus Agassiz 1840
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Subg. †Amblypygus (Paramblypygus) Tessier and Roman 1973
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†Amblypygus (Paramblypygus) houphoueti Tessier and Roman 1973
†Amblypygus americanus Desor 1858
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Invalid names: Amblypygus merrilli Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym]
†Amblypygus depressus Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Amblypygus subhemisphericus Israelsky 1923
G. Echinoneus Leske 1778
+
†Echinoneus burgeri Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Echinoneus orbicularis Desor 1846
†Echinoneus robustus Sanchez-Roig 1953
Invalid names: Koehleraster Lambert and Thiery 1921 [synonym]
G. †Paleoechinoneus Grant and Hertlein 1938
+
†Paleoechinoneus hannai Grant and Hertlein 1938
G. †Pygoyrina Pomel 1883
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†Pygoyrina desmoulinsii Archiac 1847
G. †Pyrina Desmoulins
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†Pyrina montainvillensis Sorignet 1850
†Pyrina parahybensis Maury 1930
†Pyrina parryi Hall 1857
G. †Rhopostoma Cooke 1959
Or. Holectypoida Duncan 1889
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Fm. †Anorthopygidae Wagner and Durham 1966
+
+
†Anorthopygus orbicularis de Grateloup 1836
Fm. †Discoididae Lambert 1900
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G. †Discoides Parkinson 1811
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†Discoides decoratus Desor 1842
†Discoides infera Desor 1858
†Discoides minimus Agassiz 1840
†Discoides subuculus Leske 1778
Invalid names: Discoidea Agassiz 1835 [nomen vanum]
G. †Dixonia
G. †Lanieria Duncan 1889
+
†Lanieria lanieri Cotteau 1881
†Lanieria uvaldana Cooke 1953
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†Echinogalerus bueltenensis Schluter 1902
†Echinogalerus gehrdensis Roemer 1841
†Echinogalerus goslariensis Schluter 1902
†Echinogalerus raingeardi Tessier and Roman 1973
Invalid names: Caratomus Desor 1842 [synonym]
G. †Galerites Lamarck 1801
+
†Galerites oregonensis Dana 1849
Invalid names: Adelopneustes Gauthier 1889 [synonym], Echinoconus d'Orbigny 1854 [synonym]
Fm. †Holectypidae Lambert 1900
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G. †Coenholectypus Pomel 1883
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†Coenholectypus excisus Desor 1847
†Coenholectypus inflatus Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
†Coenholectypus larteti Cotteau 1869
†Coenholectypus macropygus Agassiz 1836
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Invalid names: Holectypus adkinsi Smiser 1936 [synonym], Holectypus engerrandi Lambert 1927 [synonym], Holectypus pennanus White 1887 [synonym], Holectypus planatus Roemer 1852 [synonym]
†Holectypus larteti major Blenckenhorn 1925
+
†Coptodiscus noemiae Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
G. †Discholectypus Pomel 1883
+
†Holectypus cragini Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Holectypus montalvensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Holectypus pealei Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Holectypus sarthacensis Cotteau 1856
G. †Metholectypus Hawkins 1923
+
†Metholectypus trechmanni Hawkins 1923
Invalid names: Coenholectypidae Smith and Wright 1999 [empty], Conoclypina Haeckel 1896 [empty], Holectypina [empty]
Unr. Microstomata Smith 1984
+
Fm. †Desorellidae Lambert 1911
+
G. †Desorella Cotteau 1855
G. †Menopygus Pomel 1883
Fm. †Galeropygidae Lambert 1911
+
+
Invalid names: Ressopygus Pomel 1883 [synonym]
G. †Hyboclypus Agassiz 1839
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†Hyboclypus gibberulus Agassiz 1839
Unr. Neognathostomata Smith 1981
+
Fm. Apatopygidae Kier 1962
+
G. Apatopygus Hawkins 1920
+
†Apatopygus gaudensis Gatt 2005
Fm. †Archiaciidae Cotteau and Triger 1869
+
G. †Acriaster Smith 1991
+
†Acriaster sergipensis Smith 1991
G. †Archiacia Agassiz 1847
+
†Archiacia sandalina Agassiz 1847
G. †Gentilia
+
†Gentilia syriensis Kier 1962
Invalid names: Thomasaster Lambert 1920 [synonym]
G. †Bothryopneustes Fourtau 1924
+
†Bothryopneustes lamberti Forteau 1924
Invalid names: Clypeobrissus Currie 1925 [synonym]
Or. Cassiduloida Agassiz and Desor 1847
+
G. †Astropygaulus Checchia-Rispoli 1945
+
Fm. Cassidulidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
G. †Conoclypeus Davies
G. †Echinanthus Leske 1778
+
†Gitolampas sendaica Nisiyama 1968
†Gitolampas tunctana Gauthier 1889
†Gitolampas twitchelli Osborn et al. 2016
G. †Harduinia d'Archiac and Haime 1853
+
†Hardouinia aequorea Morton 1834
+
Invalid names: Cassidulus intermedius Slocom 1909 [synonym]
†Hardouinia bassleri Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hardouinia conoideus Clark 1915
†Hardouinia florealis Morton 1833
†Hardouinia kellumi Stephenson 1927
†Hardouinia mcglameryae Cooke 1953
+
Invalid names: Cassidulus porrectus Clark 1891 [synonym]
†Hardouinia mortonis Michelin 1850
+
Invalid names: Cassidulus subconicus Clark 1891 [synonym], Cassidulus subquadratus Conrad 1860 [synonym], Gonioclypeus subangulatus Emmons 1858 [synonym]
†Hardouinia stantoni Clark 1891
†Hardouinia taylori Warren 1926
Invalid names: Clarkiella Lambert 1916 [synonym], Gonioclypeus Emmons 1858 [synonym]
Subor. Neolampadina Philip 1963
+
Fm. Neolampadidae Lambert 1918
G. †Platypygus de Loriol 1902
+
†Platipygus posthumum Ortmann 1900
G. †Procassidulus Lambert 1918
+
†Procassidulus echevarriai Sanchez-Roig 1953
G. †Pygurostoma Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
+
†Pygurostoma geometricum Morton 1833
†Pygurostoma morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
†Pygurostoma pasionense Cooke 1949
Or. Clypeasteroida Agassiz 1836 [sand dollar]
+
Subor. Clypeasterina Agassiz 1872
+
Fm. Clypeasteridae Agassiz 1836
+
Invalid names: Echinanthidae Agassiz 1872 [synonym]
Fm. Fossulasteridae Philip and Foster 1971
Fm. †Conoclypeidae von Zittel 1879
+
G. †Conoclypus Agassiz 1839
Fm. †Faujasiidae Lambert 1905
+
G. †Domechinus Kier 1962
G. †Eurypetalum Kier 1962
G. †Faujasia
G. †Fauraster
G. †Gongrochanus Kier 1962
G. †Lefortia
+
Invalid names: Pomelia de Loriol 1900 [replaced], Pomeliopsis de Loriol 1901 [objective synonym]
G. †Petalobrissus Lambert 1916
G. †Zuffardia Checchia-Rispoli 1917
Invalid names: Stigmatopyginae Smith and Wright 2000 [empty]
Subor. Laganina Mortensen 1948
+
Fm. Neolaganidae Durham 1954
G. †Pentedium
Fm. †Oligopygidae Duncan 1889
+
G. †Haimea
G. †Runa
Subor. Scutellina Haeckel 1896
+
Infraor. Laganiformes Desor 1847
G. †Proescutella Pomel 1883
G. †Samlandaster Lambert and Thiéry 1914
Infraor. Scutelliformes Haeckel 1896
G. †Scutulum Tournouer 1869
Invalid names: Scutellinidae Pomel 1888 [empty]
G. †Tournoueraster Lambert 1914
Invalid names: Plesiolampadidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Rotulina Durham 1955 [empty]
Fm. †Clypeidae Lambert 1898
+
G. †Astrolampas Pomel 1883
+
†Astrolampas productus Agassiz 1836
G. †Clypeus Leske 1778
+
†Clypeus agassizi Wright 1851
†Clypeus plotii Leske 1778
†Clypeus rostellus Currie 1925
†Clypeus wylliei Currie 1925
Invalid names: Auloclypeus Pomel 1883 [synonym], Dactyloclypeus Maccagno 1947 [synonym], Echinoclypeus De Blainville 1830 [synonym]
G. †Colliclypeus Smith 1991
+
†Colliclypeus nettoanus White 1887
+
Invalid names: Catopygus aequalis White 1887 [synonym]
+
†Pseudopygurus letteroni Lambert 1911
G. †Pygurus Agassiz 1839
+
Subg. †Pygurus (Mepygurus) Pomel 1883
Subg. †Pygurus (Pyguropsis) de Loriol 1902
Subg. †Pygurus (Pygurus) Agassiz 1839
†Pygurus africanus de Loriol 1888
†Pygurus asiaticus Tokunaga 1903
†Pygurus complanatus Tanaka 1965
Invalid names: Echinopygus d'Orbigny 1856 [synonym]
Fm. †Clypeolampadidae Kier 1962
+
+
†Clypeolampas lestelli Cotteau 1887
†Clypeolampas ovatus Lamarck 1816
+
Invalid names: Clypeaster leskei Goldfuss 1829 [synonym], Clypeolampas douvillei Lambert 1919 [synonym], Clypeolampas mengaudi Lambert 1919 [synonym]
†Clypeolampas perovalis Arnaud 1877
Invalid names: Clypeolampas gosaviensis Lambert 1907 [nomen dubium], Clypeolampas vishnu Noetling 1897 [nomen dubium]
G. †Hungaresia Szorenyi 1955
+
†Hungaresia helios Noetling 1897
†Hungaresia ovum Grateloup 1836
+
Invalid names: Hungaresia hungarica Szorenyi 1955 [synonym]
G. †Vologesia
+
†Vologesia tataosi Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
†Vologesia toucasi Lambert 1911
Or. Echinolampadoida Kroh and Smith 2010
+
Fm. Echinolampadidae Gray 1851
+
G. Echinolampas Gray 1825
+
Invalid names: Hypsoclypus Pomel 1869 [synonym], Palaeolampas Bell 1880 [synonym]
G. †Parapygus
+
Invalid names: Pseudocatopygus Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym], Rostropygus Szörényi 1955 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Oriolampas Munier-Chalmas 1882 [synonym]
Fm. †Nucleolitidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
+
+
†Clypeopygus paultrei Cotteau 1851
G. †Hemicara
+
†Hemicara pomeranum Schülter 1902
G. †Heteronucleus Lambert 1911
+
†Heteronucleus peroni Lambert 1911
+
†Hypopygurus gaudryi Gauthier 1889
G. †Nucleolites Lamarck 1801
+
†Nucleolites hori Fourtau 1921
†Nucleolites scutatus Lamarck 1816
Invalid names: Echinobrissus Gray 1825 [objective synonym]
G. †Oolopygus
+
†Catopygus (Oolopygus) gonzalezi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Oolopygus gracilis Lambert 1909
G. †Phyllobrissus Cotteau 1859
+
+
Invalid names: Stigmatopygus malheiroi de Loriol 1888 [synonym]
†Phyllobrissus gresslyi Agassiz 1839
Invalid names: Anthobrissus Pomel 1883 [synonym], Asterobrissus de Loriol 1888 [synonym]
+
†Plagiochasma cruciferum Morton 1830
+
Invalid names: Nucleolites analis Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Pyrina freucheni Desor 1926 [synonym], Trematopygus analis dOrbigny 1855 [synonym]
†Plagiochasma lammersmaxi Jagt and Ham 2000
†Plagiochasma olfersii Agassiz 1836
†Plagiochasma orientalis Fourtau 1921
Invalid names: Dochmostoma Duncan 1891 [synonym], Trematopygus d'Orbigny 1857 [objective synonym]
G. †Pseudonucleus Lambert 1920
+
†Pseudonucleus malladai Lambert 1920
+
†Pseudosorella orbignyana Cotteau 1855
†Pseudosorella syriacus de Loriol 1901
Invalid names: Neoclypeus de Loriol [synonym]
G. †Pygaulus
+
†Pygaulus desmoulinsii Agassiz 1847
G. †Pygopistes Pomel
+
†Pygopistes coquandi Cotteau 1869
†Pygopistes parrasae Parma and Casadío 2005
†Pygopistes rudistarum Hawkins 1923
+
+
Invalid names: Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus) berryi Kellum 1926 [synonym]
†Pygorhynchus obovatus Agassiz 1836
Invalid names: Botriopygus d'Orbigny 1855 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Pygaulidae Lambert 1905 [empty]
G. †Pygorhytis Pomel 1883
+
†Pygorhytis ringens Agassiz 1835
†Pygorhytis ringens wiekensis Jesionek-Szymanska 1963
Fm. †Pygasteridae Lambert 1900
+
G. †Pileus
G. †Plesiechinus Pomel 1883
+
†Plesiechinus hawkinsi Jesionek-Szymanska 1970
G. †Pygaster
+
†Pygaster umbrella Lamarck 1816
+
Invalid names: Pygaster welschi Gauthier 1889 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: epifaunalc
Diet: grazerc
Diet 2: deposit feederc
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-02-28 12:05:24
Modified: 2010-02-12 04:00:29
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Oxynotum to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 196.50000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 189.6 Ma

Collections (3068 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Jurassic201.4 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Holectypus pealei (203316)
Oxynotum196.5 - 189.6USA (Nevada) Plesiechinus hawkinsi (158314)
Middle Jurassic174.7 - 161.5United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) Clypeus sinuatus, Nucleolites clunicularis (204099)
Early/Lower Bajocian171.6 - 168.4Luxembourg Aulacopygus caudatus, Menopygus nodoti (38549)
Garantiana171.6 - 167.7Poland Orbignyana canaliculata (196448)
Late/Upper Bajocian171.6 - 167.7Poland (Carpathians) Pygorhytis ringens (233504)
Late/Upper Bajocian171.6 - 167.7Switzerland Nucleolites renggeri (32036)
Parkinsoni171.6 - 167.7United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) Discoidea depressa, Clypeus sinuatus (196369)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3Saudi Arabia Bothryopneustes arabica (48084 48136) Clypeus sp. (48078) Holectypus depressus, Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis (45301) Holectypus depressus, Clypeus sp. (48112) Holectypus phelani (48080 48105 48106) Nucleolites sp. (48088 48089)
Bajocian - Bathonian170.3 - 166.1Chile (Chañaral) Clypeus sp. (223618)
Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian170.3 - 164.7Saudi Arabia Holectypus depressus, Pygurus cottreaui, Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis (45303)
Bathonian - Bajocian168.3 - 168.3Kenya Clypeus rostellus (161804)
Bathonian - Bajocian168.3 - 168.3Somalia Clypeus rostellus (161481)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Saudi Arabia Bothryopneustes arabica, Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes orientalis (48453) Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis (45394 45395 45518 48300 48302 48304 48339 48397 48404 48486 48487) Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes lorioli, Bothryopneustes sp. (48307) Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes sp. (45464 48449) Bothryopneustes inflata (48332) Bothryopneustes orientalis (48317) Bothryopneustes sp. (45467 48448) Bothryopneustes sp., Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis (45516) Clypeus sp., Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes sp. (48400) Holectypus depressus (48306 48402) Holectypus depressus, Holectypus phelani, Clypeus sp., Bothryopneustes arabica, Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes sp. (48405) Holectypus phelani (48451 48456) Holectypus phelani, Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis (48341) Holectypus sp., Bothryopneustes sp. (48484)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1France Holectypus depressus, Clypeus ploti (98246)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1United Kingdom (England) Clypeus muelleri (36551)
Bathonian - Callovian168.3 - 163.5China (Xizang) Holectypus depressus (61446)
Bathonian - Callovian168.3 - 163.5Somalia Clypeus williei (100377 100385)
Early/Lower Bathonian - Late/Upper Bajocian167.7 - 167.7France Nucleolites amplus (8834)
Early/Lower Bathonian167.7 - 164.7Poland Pygomalus ovalis, Pygorhytis ringens, Echinobrissus terquemi (196446)