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Protocardia

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae

Taxonomy
Protocardium was named by Beyrich (1845) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Rhae K Maes-l Sepkoski's reference number: 674]. It is not extant. Its type is Protocardia hillana.

It was reranked as Cardium (Protocardium) by Gabb (1864), Gabb (1869) and McCoy (1877); it was reranked as Cardium (Protocardia) by Gabb (1881) and Scholz et al. (2008); it was corrected as Protocardia by Ronchetti (1970), Vokes (1980), Schneider (1995), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Ros-Franch et al. (2014).

It was assigned to Cardium by Gabb (1864), Gabb (1869), McCoy (1877) and Gabb (1881); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); to Protocardiinae by Vokes (1980), Vokes (1980), Schneider (1995) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Cardiidae by Ronchetti (1970), Scholz et al. (2008) and Ros-Franch et al. (2014).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1845Protocardium Beyrich
1864Cardium (Protocardium) Gabb p. 173
1869Cardium (Protocardium) Gabb p. 187
1877Cardium (Protocardium) McCoy p. 16
1881Cardium (Protocardia) Gabb p. 344
1970Protocardia Ronchetti p. 61
1980Protocardia Vokes p. 129
1980Protocardium Vokes p. 129
1995Protocardia Schneider p. 339
2002Protocardium Sepkoski
2008Cardium (Protocardia) Scholz et al.
2010Protocardia Bouchet et al.
2014Protocardia Ros-Franch et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
RankNameAuthor
CardioniFerussac 1822
CardiidiaFerussac 1822
CardiataFerussac 1822
superorderCardiiformiiFerussac 1822
orderCardiidaFerussac 1822
suborderCardiidinaFerussac 1822
CardioideiFerussac 1822
superfamilyCardioidea(Lamarck 1809)
familyCardiidaeLamarck 1809
subfamilyProtocardiinaeReuss 1846
genusProtocardia(Beyrich 1845)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Protocardia Beyrich 1845
show all | hide all
Subg. †Protocardia (Leptocardia) Meek 1876
Subg. †Protocardia (Pachycardium) Conrad 1869
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Pachycardium coronaensis Packard 1922
Subg. †Protocardia (Tamilicardia) Chiplonkar and Tapaswi 1976
Protocardia alcesiana McLearn 1933
Protocardia buckmani Morris and Lycett 1853
Protocardia dufrenoyca Buvignier 1852
Protocardia eduliformis Roemer 1836
Protocardia gambrina Gabb 1861
Protocardia hillana Sowerby 1813
Protocardia intexta Muenster 1837
Protocardia lingulata Lycett 1863
Protocardia luggudensis Troedsson 1951
Protocardia peregrinorsa d'Orbigny 1842
Protocardia pesolina Contejean 1859
Protocardia philippiana Dunker 1847
Protocardia piettei Fischer 1969
Protocardia pulchella Chiplonkar and Tapaswi 1976
Protocardia razavii Repin 2013
Protocardia rhaetica Merian 1853
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Invalid names: Protocardia proteus Krumbeck 1913 [synonym]
Protocardia salrivalis Harris 1919
Protocardia stantoni Wade 1926
Protocardia striatula Sowerby 1829
Protocardia stricklandi Morris and Lycett 1853
Protocardia subquadrata Evans and Shumard 1857
Protocardia truncata Sowerby 1827
Protocardia umkwelanensis Etheridge 1904
Protocardia virginiana Conrad 1864
Subg. †Protocardium (Brevicardium) Stephenson 1941
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
shell height721.714.037.516.99.40
valve height319.618.820.219.90.745

Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: facultatively mobilef
Life habit: infaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2009-07-04 09:31:14
Modified: 2009-08-17 22:21:59
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Todd 2001

Age range: base of the Carnian to the top of the Pleistocene or 237.00000 to 0.01170 Ma

Collections (1125 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Laos P. contusa (44800)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Myanmar (Tenasserim) P. sp. (44825)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.3USA (Alaska) P. sp. (112287 112288)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.3Germany Cardium rhaeticum (202142)
Norian228.0 - 208.5United Arab Emirates P. rhaetica (41201)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Italy (Brescia) Cardium philippianum (203325)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Oman P. rhaetica (41213)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3USA (Nevada) P. sp. (210698 210700)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56Indonesia (Maluku) P. contusa (204489) P. contusa, P. proteus (204487) P. subrhaetica (204318)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6Hungary P. sp. (204765)

Youngest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Denmark P. semidecussata (35264 35265 35266)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Maryland) P. virginiana (55255)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Peru (Piura) Protocardia indet. (55431)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9USA (Mississippi) Cardium nicolletti (208935)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Florida) P. sp. (111204)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Cyprus Cardium striatulum (71880)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Costa Rica P. costaricensis (134680)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Philippines (Panay) P. sp. (41650)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Florida) P. jacksonense (59485 59487)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Haiti P. sp. (60883)