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Chaeomysticeti

Mammalia - Cetacea

Taxonomy
Chaeomysticeti was named by Mitchell (1989). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Fitzgerald (2010).

It was considered a nomen dubium by McKenna and Bell (1997); it was reranked as the unranked clade Chaeomysticeti by Buono et al. (2017), Marx et al. (2017), Fordyce and Marx (2018), Bisconti et al. (2019), Marx et al. (2019), Gatesy et al. (2022), Bosselaers and Munsterman (2022), Hernández-Cisneros and Nava-Sánchez (2022), Ritsche and Hampe (2023) and Figueiredo et al. (2024).

It was assigned to Mysticeti by Mitchell (1989), Rice (1998), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Steeman (2007), Bisconti (2008), Steeman (2010), Fitzgerald (2010), Hampe and Ritsche (2011), Bisconti (2012), Bisconti (2014), Bisconti and Bosselaers (2016), Bisconti et al. (2017) and Boessenecker and Fordyce (2017); to Kinetomenta by Gatesy et al. (2022); and to Mysticeti by Geisler et al. (2011), El Adli et al. (2014), Marx and Fordyce (2015), Boessenecker and Fordyce (2015), Peredo and Uhen (2016), Marx et al. (2016), Marx et al. (2016), Buono et al. (2017), Marx et al. (2017), Berta (2017), Hernández Cisneros et al. (2017), Fordyce and Marx (2018), Bisconti et al. (2019), Marx et al. (2019), Bisconti and Bosselaers (2020), Bosselaers and Munsterman (2022), Hernández-Cisneros and Nava-Sánchez (2022), Ritsche and Hampe (2023) and Figueiredo et al. (2024).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1860Cetotherium pusillum Nordmann p. 347 figs. Plate 28
1871Cetotherium klinderi Brandt p. 563
1872Megapteropsis Van Beneden p. 15
1873Cetotherium klinderi Brandt p. 86
1873Cetotherium incertum Brandt p. 133 figs. Pl. 13, Fig. 2a-e
1898Cetotherium incertum Trouessart p. 1070
1898Cetotherium klinderi Trouessart p. 1070
1898Cetotherium pusillum Trouessart p. 1070
1904Megapteropsis Palmer p. 406
1904Cetotherium incertum Trouessart p. 779
1904Cetotherium klinderi Trouessart p. 779
1904Cetotherium pusillum Trouessart p. 779
1912Megapteropsis True p. 3
1928Megapteropsis Kellogg p. 35 figs. Table 1
1945Megapteropsis Simpson p. 105
1965Cetotherium clinderi Hofstein p. 29
1988Megapteropsis Carroll
1989Chaeomysticeti Mitchell p. 2231
1997Megapteropsis McKenna and Bell p. 378
1998Chaeomysticeti Rice
2002Megapteropsis Sepkoski
2003Chaeomysticeti Geisler and Sanders p. 27
2005Megapteropsis Deméré et al. p. 105 figs. Table II
2007Chaeomysticeti Steeman p. 880
2008Chaeomysticeti Bisconti p. 173 figs. Figure 10
2010Chaeomysticeti Fitzgerald p. 370 figs. Table 1
2010Chaeomysticeti Steeman p. 65
2011Chaeomysticeti Geisler et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1, FIgure 5
2011Chaeomysticeti Hampe and Ritsche p. 88
2012Chaeomysticeti Bisconti p. 879
2012Cetotherium pusillum Tarasenko and Lopatin p. 532
2014Chaeomysticeti Bisconti
2014Chaeomysticeti El Adli et al. p. 403
2015Chaeomysticeti Boessenecker and Fordyce figs. Table 1
2015Chaeomysticeti Marx and Fordyce p. 4 figs. Figure 2
2016Chaeomysticeti Bisconti and Bosselaers p. 451
2016Chaeomysticeti Marx et al. p. 4
2016Chaeomysticeti Marx et al. p. 106
2016Chaeomysticeti Peredo and Uhen
2017Chaeomysticeti Berta p. 167
2017Chaeomysticeti Bisconti et al. p. 7
2017Chaeomysticeti Boessenecker and Fordyce
2017Chaeomysticeti Buono et al. p. 11
2017Chaeomysticeti Hernández Cisneros et al. p. 157
2017Chaeomysticeti Marx et al. p. 2
2018Chaeomysticeti Fordyce and Marx p. 2 figs. Fig. 4
2019Chaeomysticeti Bisconti et al. p. 7
2019Chaeomysticeti Marx et al. p. 4
2020Chaeomysticeti Bisconti and Bosselaers p. 8
2022Chaeomysticeti Bosselaers and Munsterman p. 936
2022Chaeomysticeti Gatesy et al. p. 912
2022Chaeomysticeti Hernández-Cisneros and Nava-Sánchez p. 3
2023Chaeomysticeti Ritsche and Hampe
2024Chaeomysticeti Figueiredo et al. p. 6

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Whippomorpha
orderCetacea
—Pelagiceti
—Neoceti
suborderMysticeti
—Chaeomysticeti()
—Chaeomysticeti()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Chaeomysticeti Mitchell 1989
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Unr. Balaenomorpha Geisler and Sanders 2003
+
Superfm. Balaenoidea Flower 1865
+
Fm. Balaenidae Gray 1821 [right whale]
+
G. †Antwerpibalaena de Lavigerie et al. 2020
+
†Antwerpibalaena liberatlas de Lavigerie et al. 2020
G. †Archaeobalaena Tanaka et al. 2020
+
†Archaeobalaena dosanko Tanaka et al. 2020
G. Balaena Linnaeus 1758 [bowhead whale]
+
†Balaena arcuata Boitard 1844
†Balaena dubusi Van Beneden 1872
†Balaena larteti Van Beneden 1882
†Balaena macrocephalus Desmoulins 1822
†Balaena meneghinii Capellini 1876
†Balaena montalionis Capellini 1904
Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus 1758 [bowhead whale]
+
Invalid names: Balaena prisca Nilsson 1847 [synonym], Balaena vulgaris Brisson 1762 [synonym]
†Balaena pampaea Ameghino 1891
†Balaena ricei Westgate and Whitmore 2002
Invalid names: Balaena balsami Cornalia 1870 [nomen nudum], Balaena molassica Bronn 1837 [nomen dubium], Balaena tannenbergii Rathke 1837 [nomen dubium]
G. †Balaenella Bisconti 2005
+
†Balaenella brachyrhynus Bisconti 2005
G. †Balaenotus Van Beneden 1872
+
†Balaenotus insignis Van Beneden 1872
†Balaenotus lawleyi Capellini 1876
†Balaenotus orcianensis Pilleri 1987
G. †Balaenula Van Beneden 1872
+
†Balaenula astensis Trevisan 1942
†Balaenula balaenopsis Van Beneden 1872
†Balaenula forsythmajori Pilleri 1987
Invalid names: Balaenula praediolensis Cuscani Politi 1961 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Charadrobalaena Bisconti et al. 2023
+
†Charadrobalaena valentinae Bisconti et al. 2023
G. Eubalaena Gray 1864 [right whale]
+
Eubalaena australis Desmoulins 1822 [southern right whale]
+
Invalid names: Balaena antarctica Lesson 1828 [synonym], Balaena antipodarum Gray 1843 [synonym]
Eubalaena glacialis Muller 1776 [North Atlantic right whale]
+
Invalid names: Balaena aleoutiensis Van Beneden 1866 [synonym], Balaena biscayensis Eschricht 1860 [synonym], Balaena islandica Brisson 1762 [synonym], Balaena nordcaper Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Balaena swedenborgi Lilljeborg 1868 [synonym], Balaena tarentina Capellini 1877 [synonym], Eubalaena sieboldii Gray 1864 [synonym], Halibalaena britannica Gray 1870 [synonym], Hunterius temminckii Gray 1864 [synonym], Macleayius australiensis Gray 1866 [synonym]
†Eubalaena ianitrix Bisconti et al. 2017
+
Invalid names: Balaena cullamach Chamisso 1868 [synonym]
†Eubalaena shinshuensis Kimura et al. 2007
Invalid names: Halibalaena Gray 1873 [synonym], Hunterius Flower 1864 [synonym], Macleayius Gray 1864 [synonym]
G. †Idiocetus Capellini 1876
+
†Idiocetus guicciardinii Capellini 1876
Invalid names: Idiocetus tsugarensis Matsumoto 1926 [nomen dubium]
G. †Morenocetus Cabrera 1926
+
†Morenocetus parvus Cabrera 1926
G. †Peripolocetus Kellogg 1931
+
†Peripolocetus vexillifer Kellogg 1931
Invalid names: Balaena belgica Abel 1941 [nomen dubium], Balaena dubia Bravard 1858 [nomen dubium], Balaena etrusca Capellini 1872 [nomen nudum], Balaena paronai Del Prato 1900 [nomen nudum], Balaena primigenius Van Beneden 1872 [nomen nudum], Balaeninae Flower 1867 [empty], Balaenini Gray 1825 [empty], Eucetites Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium]
G. †Persufflatius Bosselaers and Munsterman 2022
+
†Persufflatius renefraaijeni Bosselaers and Munsterman 2022
Superfm. †Thalassotherii Bisconti et al. 2013
+
G. †Atlanticetus Bisconti et al. 2020
+
†Atlanticetus laevi Rule et al. 2020
†Atlanticetus lavei Bisconti et al. 2020
†Atlanticetus patulus Kellogg 1968
Fm. Balaenopteridae Gray 1864 [rorqual]
+
G. †Archaebalaenoptera Bisconti 2007
+
†Archaebalaenoptera eusebioi Bisconti et al. 2022
†Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis Bisconti et al. 2020
G. Balaenoptera Lacépède 1804 [rorqual]
+
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède 1804 [minke whale]
+
Invalid names: Balaena rostrata Fabricius 1780 [synonym], Pterobalaena minor Eschricht 1849 [synonym], Rorqualus boops Cuvier 1836 [synonym], Rorqualus minor Hamilton 1837 [synonym], Sibbaldius mondinii Capellini 1877 [synonym]
Balaenoptera bonaerensis Burmeister 1867
+
Invalid names: Balaenoptera huttoni Gray 1874 [synonym]
Balaenoptera borealis Lesson 1828 [sei whale]
+
Invalid names: Balaenoptera iwasi Gray 1846 [synonym], Balaenoptera laticeps Gray 1864 [synonym], Balaenoptera schlegeli swinhoei Gray 1866 [synonym], Sibbaldius schlegelii Gray 1864 [synonym]
Balaenoptera brydei Olsen 1913 [Bryde's whale]
†Balaenoptera cephalus Cope 1867
Balaenoptera edeni Anderson 1879 [Eden's whale]
Balaenoptera musculus Linnaeus 1758 [blue whale]
+
Invalid names: Balaenoptera australis Gray 1846 [synonym], Balaenoptera brevicauda Ichihara 1966 [synonym], Balaenoptera indica Blyth 1842 [synonym], Balaenoptera intermedia Burmeister 1871 [synonym], Balaenoptera jubartes Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Balaenoptera sulfureus Cope 1869 [synonym], Cuvierius latirostris Flower 1864 [synonym], Physalus sibbaldii Gray 1847 [synonym], Sibbaldius antarcticus Burmeister 1865 [synonym], Sibbaldius sulfureus Scammon and Cope 1869 [synonym], Sibbaldus borealis Gray 1864 [synonym]
Balaenoptera physalus Linnaeus 1758 [fin whale]
+
Invalid names: Balaena antiquorum Fischer 1829 [synonym], Balaena sulcata Neill 1811 [synonym], Balaenoptera antiquorum Gray 1846 [synonym], Balaenoptera blythi Anderson 1879 [synonym], Balaenoptera boops Linnaeus 1758 [synonym], Balaenoptera copei Elliot 1901 [synonym], Balaenoptera gibbar Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Balaenoptera patachonica Burmeister 1865 [objective synonym], Balaenoptera quoyi Fisher 1829 [synonym], Balaenoptera rorqual Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Balaenoptera velifera Scammon and Cope 1869 [synonym], Benedenia knoxii Gray 1864 [synonym], Physalus brasiliensis Gray 1846 [synonym], Physalus duguidii Gray 1864 [synonym], Physalus fasciatus Gray 1850 [synonym], Physalus patachonicus Burmeister 1865 [synonym], Swinhoia chinensis Gray 1868 [synonym]
Balaenoptera ricei Rosel et al. 2021 [Rice's whale]
†Balaenoptera siberi Pilleri 1989
Invalid names: Balaenoptera andrejewi Anonymous 1888 [nomen nudum], Balaenoptera fasciata Gray 1846 [nomen dubium], Balaenoptera grimmi Anonymous 1888 [nomen nudum], Balaenoptera patachonicha tschudii Reichenbach 1846 [synonym], Balaenoptera ryani Hanna and McLellan 1924 [invalid subgroup], Benedenia Gray 1864 [synonym], Cuvierius Gray 1866 [synonym], Mysticetus Wagler 1830 [synonym], Physalis Fleming 1822 [synonym], Physalus Gray 1821 [objective synonym], Pterobalaena Eschricht 1849 [synonym], Rorqualus Cuvier 1836 [synonym], Rudolphius Gray 1866 [synonym], Sibbaldus Flower 1865 [synonym], Swinhoia Gray 1868 [synonym]
Subfm. Balaenopterinae Flower 1865
+
Invalid names: Physalina Gray 1864 [synonym]
G. †Cetotheriophanes Brandt 1873
+
G. †Diunatans Bosselaers and Post 2010
+
†Diunatans luctoretemergo Bosselaers and Post 2010
G. †Eobalaenoptera Dooley et al. 2004
+
†Eobalaenoptera harrisoni Dooley et al. 2004
Subfm. Eschrichtiinae Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott 1951 [gray whale]
+
Invalid names: Eschrichtiinae Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott 1951 [empty], Eschrichtiinae Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott 1951 [empty]
G. †Fragilicetus Bisconti and Bosselaers 2016
+
†Fragilicetus velponi Bisconti and Bosselaers 2016
G. †Incakujira Marx and Kohno 2016
+
†Incakujira anillodefuego Marx and Kohno 2016
†Incakujira fordycei Kimura and Hasegawa 2024
G. †Marzanoptera Bisconti et al. 2021
+
†Marzanoptera bertae Boessenecker 2013
†Marzanoptera tersillae Bisconti et al. 2021
G. Megaptera Gray 1846 [humpback whale]
+
Subg. Megaptera (Eschrichtius) Gray 1864 [gray whale]
†Megaptera brachychira Cope 1868
†Megaptera hubachi Dathe 1983
†Megaptera mysticetoides Emmons 1858
Megaptera novaeangliae Brisson 1762 [humpback whale]
+
Invalid names: Balaena allamack Gray 1846 [synonym], Balaena atlanticus Hurdis 1897 [synonym], Balaena boops Fabricius 1780 [synonym], Balaena lalandii Fischer 1829 [synonym], Balaena longimana Rudolphi 1832 [synonym], Balaena longipinna Gray 1846 [objective synonym], Balaenoptera antarctica Temminck 1841 [synonym], Balaenoptera astrolabae Pucheran 1853 [synonym], Balaenoptera capensis Smith 1835 [synonym], Balaenoptera leucopteron Lesson 1842 [synonym], Balaenoptera syncondylus Muller 1863 [synonym], Kyphobalaena keporkak Van Beneden 1868 [synonym], Megaptera americana Gray 1846 [synonym], Megaptera bellicosa Cope 1871 [synonym], Megaptera braziliensis Cope 1867 [synonym], Megaptera burmeisteri Gray 1866 [synonym], Megaptera gigas Cope 1865 [synonym], Megaptera indica Gervais 1883 [synonym], Megaptera kuzira Gray 1850 [synonym], Megaptera lalandii Gray 1864 [synonym], Megaptera nodosa Bonnaterre 1789 [synonym], Megaptera novaezelandiae Gray 1864 [synonym], Megaptera osphyia Cope 1865 [synonym], Megaptera poeskop Gray 1846 [synonym], Megaptera versabilis Cope 1869 [synonym], Poescopia lalandii Gray 1866 [synonym], Rorqualus antarcticus Cuvier 1836 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cyphobalaena Marschall 1873 [synonym], Kyphobalaena Eschricht [synonym], Perqualus Gray 1846 [synonym], Poescopia Gray 1864 [synonym]
G. †Miobalaenoptera Tanaka and Watanabe 2019
+
†Miobalaenoptera numataensis Tanaka and Watanabe 2019
G. †Nehalaennia Bisconti et al. 2019
+
†Nehalaennia devossi Bisconti et al. 2019
G. †Notiocetus Ameghino 1891
+
†Notiocetus platensis Ameghino 1891
†Notiocetus romerianus Ameghino 1891
G. †Plesiobalaenoptera Bisconti 2010
+
G. †Praemegaptera Behrmann 1995
+
†Praemegaptera pampauensis Behrmann 1995
G. †Protororqualus Bisconti 2007
+
†Protororqualus cuvieri Fischer 1829
+
Invalid names: Cetotherium (Cetotheriophanes) cuvieri Brandt 1873 [synonym]
†Protororqualus dyticus Cabrera 1926
†Protororqualus wilfriedneesi Bisconti and Bosselaers 2020
Invalid names: Agaphelinae Gray 1870 [empty], Balaena affinis Owen 1843 [invalid subgroup], Balaena definata Owen 1843 [nomen dubium], Balaena emarginata Owen 1843 [nomen dubium], Balaena gibbosa Owen 1843 [nomen dubium], Balaenoptera borealina Van Beneden 1880 [nomen dubium], Balaenoptera garopii Van Beneden 1859 [nomen dubium], Balaenoptera musculoides Van Beneden 1880 [nomen dubium], Balaenoptera portisii Sacco 1890 [invalid subgroup], Balaenoptera rostratella Van Beneden 1880 [nomen dubium], Balaenoptera sibbaldina Van Beneden 1880 [nomen dubium], Balaenoptera taiwanica Huang 1966 [invalid subgroup], Delphinus brachyspondylus Brandt 1873 [invalid subgroup], Hadrosaurus tripos Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Megaptera affinis Van Beneden 1880 [nomen dubium], Megapterinae Flower 1865 [empty], Megapteropsis robusta Van Beneden 1872 [nomen dubium], Palaeocetidae Seeley 1865 [synonym], Parabalaenopterinae Zeigler et al. 1997 [empty], Praemegapterinae Behrmann 1995 [empty]
G. †Isocetus Van Beneden 1880
+
†Isocetus depauwi Van Beneden and Gervais 1868
Invalid names: Aglaocetidae Steeman 2007 [invalid subgroup], Diorocetidae Steeman 2007 [invalid subgroup], Pelocetidae Steeman 2007 [invalid subgroup], Plesiocetus burtinii Van Beneden 1859 [nomen dubium]
G. †Thinocetus Kellogg 1969
+
†Thinocetus arthritus Kellogg 1969
Fm. Cetotheriidae Brandt 1872
+
G. †Adicetus Figueiredo et al. 2024
+
†Adicetus latus Kellogg 1940
†Adicetus vandelli Van Beneden and Gervais 1868
G. †Cephalotropis Cope 1896
+
†Cephalotropis nectus Kellogg 1940
Subfm. †Cetotheriinae Whitmore and Barnes 2008
+
G. †Brandtocetus Goldin and Startsev 2014
+
†Brandtocetus chongulek Goldin and Startsev 2014
G. †Cetotherium Brandt 1843
+
†Cetotherium capellinii Brandt 1873
†Cetotherium furlongi Kellogg 1925
†Cetotherium parvum Trouessart 1898
+
Invalid names: Delphinapterus tyrannus Cope 1868 [synonym]
†Cetotherium polyporum Cope 1869
†Cetotherium rathkii Brandt 1843
†Cetotherium riabinini Hofstein 1948
G. †Kurdalagonus Tarasenko and Lopatin 2012
+
†Kurdalagonus maicopicus Spasski 1951
†Kurdalagonus mchedlidzei Tarasenko and Lopatin 2012
G. †Mithridatocetus Goldin and Startsev 2017
+
†Mithridatocetus adygeicus Tarasenko and Lopatin 2012
†Mithridatocetus eichwaldi Goldin and Startsev 2017
Invalid names: Cetotherium mayeri Brandt 1871 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Zygiocetus Tarasenko 2014
+
†Zygiocetus nartorum Tarasenko 2014
G. †Ciuciulea Gol'din 2018
+
†Ciuciulea davidi Gol'din 2018
G. †Cophocetus Packard and Kellogg 1934
+
†Cophocetus oregonensis Packard and Kellogg 1934
G. †Eucetotherium Brandt 1873
+
G. †Herentalia Bisconti 2014
+
†Herentalia nigra Bisconti 2014
Subfm. Herpetocetinae Steeman 2007
+
G. †Herpetocetus Van Beneden 1872
+
†Herpetocetus bramblei Whitmore and Barnes 2008
†Herpetocetus morrowi El Adli et al. 2014
†Herpetocetus scaldiensis Van Beneden 1872
†Herpetocetus sendaicus Hatai et al. 1963
†Herpetocetus transatlanticus Whitmore and Barnes 2008
Invalid names: Mizuhoptera Hatai et al. 1963 [synonym]
G. †Nannocetus Kellogg 1929
+
†Nannocetus eremus Kellogg 1929
G. †Heterocetus Capellini 1877
+
†Heterocetus brevifrons Van Beneden 1872
†Heterocetus guiscardii Capellini 1877
†Heterocetus major Stefano 1900
†Heterocetus scriptus Vanden Broeck 1874
Invalid names: Heterocetus sprangii Van Beneden 1886 [nomen dubium]
G. †Hibacetus Otsuka and Ota 2008
+
†Hibacetus hirosei Otsuka and Ota 2008
G. †Imerocetus Mchedlidze 1964
+
†Imerocetus karaganicus Mchedlidze 1964
G. †Joumocetus Kimura and Hasegawa 2010
+
†Joumocetus shimizui Kimura and Hasegawa 2010
G. †Metopocetus Cope 1896
+
†Metopocetus durinasus Cope 1896
†Metopocetus hunteri Marx et al. 2016
Subfm. Neobalaeninae Miller 1923 [pygmy right whale]
+
G. Caperea Gray 1864
+
Caperea marginata Gray 1846 [pygmy right whale]
+
Invalid names: Balaena (Caperea) antipodarum Gray 1864 [synonym]
Invalid names: Neobalaena Gray 1870 [synonym]
G. †Miocaperea Bisconti 2012
+
†Miocaperea pulchra Bisconti 2012
G. †Palaeobalaena Moreno 1882
+
†Palaeobalaena bergi Moreno 1882
G. †Piscobalaena Pilleri and Siber 1989
+
†Piscobalaena nana Pilleri and Siber 1989
G. †Taikicetus Tanaka et al. 2018
+
†Taikicetus inouei Tanaka et al. 2018
G. †Titanocetus Bisconti 2006
+
†Titanocetus sammarinensis Capellini 1901
G. †Tiucetus Marx et al. 2017
+
†Tiucetus rosae Marx et al. 2017
G. †Tranatocetus Gol'din and Steeman 2015
+
†Tranatocetus maregermanicum Marx et al. 2019
G. †Vampalus Tarasenko and Lopatin 2012
+
†Vampalus sayasanicus Tarasenko and Lopatin 2012
G. †Cetotheriopsis Brandt 1871
+
Invalid names: Aulocetus Van Beneden 1875 [objective synonym], Stenodon Van Beneden 1865 [replaced]
Fm. †Eomysticetidae Sanders and Barnes 2002
+
G. †Echericetus Hernández-Cisneros et al. 2024
+
†Echericetus novellus Hernández-Cisneros et al. 2024
G. †Eomysticetus Sanders and Barnes 2002
+
†Eomysticetus carolinensis Sanders and Barnes 2002
†Eomysticetus whitmorei Sanders and Barnes 2002
G. †Matapanui Boessenecker and Fordyce 2017
+
†Matapanui waihao Boessenecker and Fordyce 2017
Invalid names: Matapa Boessenecker and Fordyce 2017 [replaced]
G. †Micromysticetus Sanders and Barnes 2002
+
†Micromysticetus rothauseni Sanders and Barnes 2002
†Micromysticetus tobieni Rothausen 1971
G. †Tokarahia Boessenecker and Fordyce 2015
+
†Tokarahia kauaeroa Boessenecker and Fordyce 2015
†Tokarahia lophocephalus Marples 1956
G. †Waharoa Boessenecker and Fordyce 2015
+
†Waharoa ruwhenua Boessenecker and Fordyce 2015
G. †Yamatocetus Okazaki 2012
+
†Yamatocetus canaliculatus Okazaki 2012
G. †Halicetus Kellogg 1969
+
†Halicetus ignotus Kellogg 1969
G. †Jobancetus Kimura et al. 2022
+
†Jobancetus pacificus Kimura et al. 2022
G. †Piscocetus Pilleri and Pilleri 1989
+
†Piscocetus sacaco Pilleri and Pilleri 1989
Unr. Plicogulae Geisler et al. 2011
+
Superfm. †Balaenopteroidea Gray 1868
+
G. †Aglaocetus Kellogg 1934
+
†Aglaocetus latifrons Van Beneden 1880
†Aglaocetus longifrons Van Beneden 1880
†Aglaocetus moreni Lydekker 1894
†Aglaocetus rotundus Van Beneden 1880
G. †Amphicetus Van Beneden 1880
+
†Amphicetus later Van Beneden 1880
Invalid names: Amphicetus editus Van Beneden 1880 [nomen dubium], Amphicetus verus Van Beneden 1880 [nomen dubium]
G. †Diorocetus Kellogg 1968
+
†Diorocetus chichibuensis Yoshida et al. 2003
†Diorocetus hiatus Kellogg 1968
†Diorocetus shobarensis Otsuka and Ota 2008
Fm. Eschrichtiidae Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott 1951 [gray whale]
+
G. †Archaeschrichtius Bisconti and Varola 2006
+
†Archaeschrichtius ruggieroi Bisconti and Varola 2006
G. †Eschrichtioides Bisconti 2008
+
†Eschrichtioides gastaldii Strobel 1881
+
Invalid names: Cetotherium cortesi Brandt 1873 [synonym]
G. Eschrichtius Gray 1864 [gray whale]
+
†Eschrichtius akishimaensis Kimura et al. 2018
Eschrichtius robustus Lilljeborg 1861 [gray whale]
+
Invalid names: Agaphelus glaucus Cope 1868 [synonym], Eschrichtius gibbosus Erxleben 1777 [synonym]
Invalid names: Agaphelus Cope 1868 [synonym], Cyphonotus Rafinesque 1815 [nomen nudum], Eschrichtius mysticetoides Emmons 1858 [nomen dubium], Rhachianectes Trouessart 1898 [synonym]
G. †Gricetoides Whitmore and Kaltenbach 2008
+
†Gricetoides aurorae Whitmore and Kaltenbach 2008
Invalid names: Rhachianectidae Weber 1904 [objective synonym]
G. †Mauicetus Benham 1939
+
†Mauicetus parki Benham 1937
Invalid names: Lophocephalus Benham 1937 [replaced]
Superfm. †Panbalaenopteroidea Leslie et al. 2019
+
G. †Kennedycetus Solis-Añorve et al. 2021
+
†Kennedycetus pericorum Solis-Añorve et al. 2021
G. †Norrisanima Leslie et al. 2019
+
†Norrisanima miocaena Kellogg 1922
G. †Parabalaenoptera Zeigler et al. 1997
+
†Parabalaenoptera baulinensis Zeigler et al. 1997
G. †Pelocetus Kellogg 1965
+
†Pelocetus calvertensis Kellogg 1965
†Pelocetus mirabilis Ginsburg and Janvier 1971
G. †Tiphyocetus Kellogg 1931
+
†Tiphyocetus temblorensis Kellogg 1931
G. †Uranocetus Steeman 2009
+
†Uranocetus gramensis Steeman 2009
Invalid names: Physalidae Gray 1864 [empty]
Superfm. Cetotherioidea Steeman 2007
+
G. †Otradnocetus Mchedlidze 1984
+
†Otradnocetus virodovi Mchedlidze 1984
G. †Parietobalaena Kellogg 1924
+
†Parietobalaena affinis Van Beneden and Gervais 1868
†Parietobalaena campiniana Bisconti et al. 2013
†Parietobalaena laxata Van Beneden 1880
†Parietobalaena palmeri Kellogg 1924
†Parietobalaena securis Kellogg 1931
†Parietobalaena yamaokai Otsuka and Ota 2008
G. †Pinocetus Czyzewska and Ryziewicz 1976
+
†Pinocetus polonicus Czyzewska and Ryziewicz 1976
G. †Isanacetus Kimura and Ozawa 2002
+
†Isanacetus laticephalus Kimura and Ozawa 2002
Fm. †Tranatocetidae Gol'din and Steeman 2015
+
G. †Mesocetus Van Beneden 1880
+
†Mesocetus agrami Van Beneden 1884
†Mesocetus aquitanicus Flot 1896
†Mesocetus hungaricus Kadic 1904
†Mesocetus longirostris Van Beneden 1880
†Mesocetus siphunculus Cope 1895
Invalid names: Mesocetus pinguis Van Beneden 1880 [nomen dubium]
G. †Mixocetus Kellogg 1934
+
†Mixocetus elysius Kellogg 1934
G. †Plesiocetopsis Brandt 1873
+
†Plesiocetopsis hupschii Van Beneden 1859
G. †Sitsqwayk Peredo and Uhen 2016
+
†Sitsqwayk cornishorum Peredo and Uhen 2016
G. †Tlaxcallicetus Cisneros 2018
+
†Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae Cisneros 2018
G. †Whakakai Tsai and Fordyce 2016
+
†Whakakai waipata Tsai and Fordyce 2016
Invalid names: Cetotheriopsidae Brandt 1872 [empty], Cetotherium incertum Brandt 1873 [nomen dubium], Cetotherium klinderi Brandt 1871 [invalid subgroup], Cetotherium pusillum Nordmann 1860 [invalid subgroup], Eomysticetoidea Sanders and Barnes 2002 [empty], Megapteropsis Van Beneden 1872 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. M. G. Fitzgerald 2010True baleen whales [Gr. chaios, genuine, true, good] encompassing living Mysticeti and define as cetaceans with baleen and without a functional dentition in the adult stage.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatitesubo
Form: roller-shapedo
Ontogeny: modification of partso
Environment: marinesubo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: aquaticsubo
Depth habitat: surfaceo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Diet 2: suspension feedersubo
Reproduction: viviparouso
Created: 2005-03-06 14:20:41
Modified: 2005-03-06 16:34:40
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
Reference: Uhen 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oligocene to the top of the Holocene or 28.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.1 Ma

Collections (847 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Whaingaroan34.6 - 27.3New Zealand (South Island) Matapa sp. (179791)
Whaingaroan34.6 - 27.3New Zealand (South Canterbury) Matapa waihao (179790)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (South Carolina) Micromysticetus rothauseni (45777 45778)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Japan (Yamaguchi) Mauicetus sp. (51454)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03New Zealand (South Island) Mauicetus parki, Tokarahia lophocephalus, Waharoa ruwhenua, Chaeomysticeti indet. (173285) Waharoa ruwhenua, Chaeomysticeti indet. (173286)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03USA (Virginia) Micromysticetus sp. (167203)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03New Zealand Eomysticetidae indet. (67856)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene28.4 - 15.97Mexico (Baja California Sur) Cetotheriidae indet. (159695)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene28.4 - 15.97New Zealand (North Otago) Balaenopteridae indet. (87888)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03New Zealand (South Island) Chaeomysticeti indet. (208605 208606 208607 208608 208609)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03New Zealand (South Otago) Lophocephalus parki (45653)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Austria Balaenodon lintianus (52083) Cetotheriopsis lintianus (45779)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (Washington) Sitsqwayk cornishorum (45784)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03New Zealand (Southern Island) Balaenidae indet. (37602)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03New Zealand (South Canterbury) Chaeomysticeti indet. (100670)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03New Zealand (Canterbury) Chaeomysticeti indet. (208603)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Australia (Victoria) Cetotheriidae indet., Eomysticetidae indet. (46166)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Japan (Fukuoka) Cetotheriidae indet. (45804)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (South Carolina) Eomysticetus carolinensis (45781) Eomysticetus whitmorei (45780)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany Cetotheriopsis tobieni (45776)