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Heteractinida

Heteractinida

Taxonomy
Heteractinida was named by Hinde (1888) [Variably assigned to an order or class. Class according to Rigby et al. (2005).].

It was reranked as the order Heteractinida by Rigby and Keyes (1998).

It was assigned to Calcarea by Rigby and Keyes (1998), Sepkoski (2002) and Skovsted (2006); and to Porifera by Finks et al. (2004) and Senowbari-Daryan and Rigby (2015).

Subtaxa
Archicladium, Conwaymorrisispongia, Corynospongia, Hetairacyathida, Octactinellida, Polycladium
Sister taxa
Hetairacyathida, Octactinellida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1888Heteractinida Hinde
1998Heteractinida Rigby and Keyes p. 2
2002Heteractinida Sepkoski
2004Heteractinida Finks et al. p. 557
2006Heteractinida Skovsted p. 1098
2015Heteractinida Senowbari-Daryan and Rigby p. 392

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumPoriferaGrant 1836
RankNameAuthor
classHeteractinidaHinde 1888
classHeteractinidaHinde 1888

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. †Heteractinida Hinde 1888
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G. †Archicladium Qian and Xiao 1984
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†Archicladium tridactyles Qian and Xiao 1984
G. †Conwaymorrisispongia Kozur et al. 2008
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†Conwaymorrisispongia bengtsoni Kozur et al. 2008
†Conwaymorrisispongia ornata Kozur et al. 2008
G. †Corynospongia Deng 1990
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Or. †Octactinellida Hinde 1887
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Fm. †Astraeospongiidae Miller 1889
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G. †Asteriospongia Rigby 1977
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G. †Astraeospongium Roemer 1860
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Invalid names: Acanthospongia [objective synonym]
G. †Blumenbachium Koenig 1820
G. †Constellatospongia Rigby 1977
+
G. †Contignatiospongia Kozur et al. 2008
+
†Contignatiospongia nevadensis Kozur et al. 2008
G. †Ensiferites Reimann 1945
+
†Ensiferites armatus Reimann 1945
†Ensiferites bennetti Reimann 1945
†Ensiferites brandenburgi Rigby et al. 1979
†Ensiferites delicatulus Reimann 1945
†Ensiferites langeri Kozur et al. 2008
†Ensiferites leptodactylus Reimann 1945
†Ensiferites wattlesi Reimann 1945
G. †Kuraya Romenko 1968
G. †Magenia Finks 1995
G. †Malluviospongia Rigby and Goodbody 1986
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†Malluviospongia densa Rigby and Goodbody 1986
G. †Microastraeum Botting 2005
+
†Microastraeum tenuis Botting 2005
G. †Stellarispongia Rigby 1976
+
†Stellarispongia aspera Rigby 1976
Fm. Eiffeliidae Rigby 1986
+
G. †Chilcaia Carrera 1994
+
†Chilcaia bimuralis Carrera 1994
G. †Eiffelia Walcott 1920
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†Eiffelia araniformis Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
†Eiffelia globosa Walcott 1920
†Eiffelia hispanica Sdzuy 1969
Invalid names: Lenastella Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981 [synonym]
G. †Eiffelospongia Rigby and Collins 2004
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†Eiffelospongia hirsuta Rigby and Collins 2004
G. †Gondekia Rigby 1991
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†Gondekia hastula Rigby 1991
†Gondekia lancifer Reimann 1945
G. †Petaloptyon Raymond 1931
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†Petaloptyon danei Raymond 1931
Invalid names: Canistrumella Rigby 1986 [synonym]
G. †Zangerlispongia Rigby and Nitecki 1975
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†Zangerlispongia richardsoni Rigby and Nitecki 1975
Fm. †Nuchidae Pickett 2002
+
G. †Jawonya Kruse 1987
+
†Jawonya gurumal Kruse 1987
†Jawonya tiro Kruse 1987
G. †Nucha
+
†Nucha naucum Pickett and Jell 1983
G. †Wagima Kruse 1987
+
†Wagima galbanyin Kruse 1987
Fm. †Wewokellidae King 1943
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G. †Iranospongia Rigby et al. 2005
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†Iranospongia circulata Rigby et al. 2005
G. †Regispongia Rigby 1978
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†Regispongia contorta King 1943
†Regispongia fluegeli Rigby et al. 2005
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†Talpaspongia clavata King 1943
G. †Wewokella Girty 1912
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†Wewokella costata Rigby and Keyes 1998
†Wewokella solida Girty 1911
G. †Polycladium Qian and Xiao 1984
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†Polycladium yurtusensis Qian and Xiao 1984
Invalid names: Hetairacyathida Bedford and Bedford 1937 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: stationaryc
Attached: yesp
Life habit: intermediate-level epifaunalc
Diet: suspension feederp
Vision: blindc
Created: 2010-02-11 01:52:20
Modified: 2011-06-30 06:44:23
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tommotian to the top of the Rhaetian or 525.50000 to 201.30000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 521.0 Ma

Collections (185 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Xinjiang) Archicladium tridactyles, Polycladium yurtusensis (107481)
Tommotian - Atdabanian525.5 - 516.0Guinea Eiffelia sp. (7790)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Kyrgyzstan Lenastella araniformis, Lenastella aculeata, Lenastella mucronata (99329) Lenastella araniformis, Lenastella aculeata, Lenastella mucronata, Lenastella umbonata (99325 99326 99327 99328)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Kazakhstan Lenastella araniformis (99357) Lenastella araniformis, Lenastella mucronata (99300 99301 99302 99303 99324) Lenastella mucronata (99316 99317 99318 99332 99333)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Australia (South Australia) Conwaymorrisispongia bengtsoni, Conwaymorrisispongia ornata (120882) Eiffelia araniformis (10016 96931 96960 96966 97739 97741 97742 97744 97746 97747 97748 97749 97750 97767 97768 97769 97783) Jawonya tiro (81172)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.0China (Henan) Eiffelia sp. (49532)
Atdabanian - Botomian521.0 - 512.9Australia (Northern Territory) Lenastella sp. (80921)
Atdabanian - Lenian521.0 - 510.2Germany (Saxony) Heteractinida indet. (6899)
Branchian517.1 - 509.0United Kingdom (England) Lenastella sp. (79932)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Russian Federation (Siberia) Heteractinida indet. (174258 174260)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Kazakhstan Lenastella araniformis, Lenastella mucronata, Lenastella umbonata (99362)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Australia (South Australia) Eiffelia araniformis (96932 96958 96959 96965 97751 97770 97771 97772 97773 97774 97775)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Antarctica Heteractinida indet. (62871)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9China (Shaanxi) Eiffelia araniformis (199515 199516 199517 199534)
Dyeran515.3 - 511.2Greenland Eiffelia araniformis (49464)
Dyeran515.3 - 511.2Greenland (Peary Land) Eiffelia sp. (210618)
Toyonian512.9 - 510.2Turkey (Konya) Eiffelia araniformis (91535)
Ordian511.2 - 508.0Australia (New South Wales) Nucha naucum (197348)
Delamaran511.2 - 506.5Canada (British Columbia) Eiffelia globosa (84423 84424 84425 84426 84427 84428 121963) Petaloptyon danei (84435 121958) Petaloptyon danei, Eiffelia globosa (121959 121962) Petaloptyon danei, Eiffelia globosa, Eiffelospongia hirsuta (121957)
Delamaran511.2 - 506.5Jordan Eiffelia araniformis (139932)
Ordian - Templetonian511.2 - 504.5Australia (Northern Territory) Jawonya gurumal (122014)
Ordian - Undillan511.2 - 500.5Australia (Queensland) Canistrumella sp., Eiffelia sp. (122074)
Middle Cambrian509.0 - 497.0Canada (Brithish Columbia) Eiffelia sp. (188664)
Middle Cambrian509.0 - 497.0Italy (Iglesiente) Eiffelia araniformis (139878)
Middle Cambrian509.0 - 497.0Spain (León) Eiffelia sp. (216175 216182)
Middle Cambrian509.0 - 497.0Australia (Northern Territory) Jawonya gurumal (60019 60027 60031 60032) Jawonya gurumal, Wagima galbanyin (60028 60030)
St Davids509.0 - 497.0Canada (British Columbia) Eiffelia sp. (215)
Furongian497.0 - 485.4Iran Eiffelia hispanica (121298)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7China (Hubei) Heteractinida indet. (61727)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7USA (Nevada) Heteractinida indet., Contignatiospongia nevadensis (90927)
Arenigian478.6 - 468.1Argentina (San Juan) Heteractinida indet. (119460)
Whiterockian470.0 - 457.3Canada (Northwest Territories) Asteriospongia anatrope (27084)
Early/Lower Llanvirn468.0 - 461.1Argentina (San Juan) Chilcaia bimuralis (119888)
Early/Lower Llanvirn468.0 - 461.1Argentina Chilcaia sp. (8747 8748)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.4United Kingdom (Wales) Microastraeum tenuis (119434)
Llandeilo461.1 - 458.4United Kingdom (Wales) Eiffeliidae indet. (216511)
Blackriveran - Trentonian457.3 - 449.6Canada (Nunavut) Asteriospongia anatrope (120922)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6Canada (Northwest Territories) Asteriospongia anatrope (27086)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5Canada (Manitoba) Constellatospongia pervia (120923)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.7Canada (Yukon) Nucha naucum (99659)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8USA (Illinois) Astraeospongium sp. (26692)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4USA (Indiana) Astraeospongium sp. (13291)
Aeronian - Telychian440.8 - 433.4USA (Wisconsin) Heteractinida indet. (2846)
Telychian - Sheinwoodian438.5 - 430.5USA (Iowa) Astraeospongium sp. (26769)
Telychian - Sheinwoodian438.5 - 430.5USA (Indiana) Astraeospongium sp. (26798 26803)
Sheinwoodian433.4 - 430.5USA (Indiana) Astraeospongium sp. (26805)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (Wisconsin) Heteractinida indet. (688)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (New York) Astraeospongia sp. (12936 13047)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (Indiana) Astraeospongium sp. (26700 26811)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (Tennessee) Astraeospongium sp. (26802)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0USA (Tennessee) Astraeospongium spp. (26817)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0USA (Illinois) Astraeospongium sp. (26816)
Wenlock - Silurian433.4 - 419.2USA (Wisconsin) Astraeospongium sp. (13021 13023 13024 13027 13028 13040 13041 13075)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0USA (Missouri) Astraeospongium sp. (26821)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0Canada (Nunavut) Heteractinida indet. (119861)
Ludfordian425.6 - 423.0USA (Indiana) Astraeospongia sp. (6706)
Ludfordian - Pridoli425.6 - 419.2USA (Oklahoma) Astraeospongium spp. (26824)
Late/Upper Emsian402.5 - 391.9Canada (Nunavut) Stellarispongia aspera (121048)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Canada (Nunavut) Malluviospongia densa (111783 111784)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7USA (New York) Ensiferites armatus, Ensiferites bennetti, Ensiferites leptodactylus, Ensiferites wattlesi (111892) Ensiferites delicatulus, Ensiferites wattlesi (111893)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Canada (Manitoba) Astraeospongia hamiltonensis (624)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Germany Gondekia sp., Ensiferites langeri (227413)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Czech Republic (Moravia) Astraeospongia sp. (5767)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Ensiferites langeri (120883)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (New York) Astraeospongia sp. (10110 10119 96209 96210 96211) Gondekia lancifer (111704)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Illinois) Astraeospongia sp. (76641)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Canada (Ontario) Gondekia hastula (111782)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (Western Australia) Heteractinida indet. (84826)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9USA (Arizona) Ensiferites brandenburgi (111889 111890 111891)
Brigantian336.0 - 330.9USA (Alabama) Wewokella costata (28)
Chesterian335.5 - 323.2USA (Utah) Regispongia contorta (120994 120995 120996)
Arnsbergian327.0 - 323.7USA (Utah) Wewokella solida (90976 90978) Wewokella solida, Talpaspongia clavata (41204) Wewokella solida, Talpaspongia clavata, Wewokella contorta (90975 90977)
Pennsylvanian323.2 - 298.9USA (Utah) Talpaspongia clavata (12780)
Atokan - Desmoinesian318.6 - 306.0USA (Colorado) Wewokella solida (121000)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Oklahoma) Wewokella solida (120997)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Texas) Regispongia sp. (216619)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Illinois) Zangerlispongia richardsoni (120999)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Texas) Wewokella contorta (217891 217893 217894 217901 217906 217908 217929 217958 217960 217977 217979 217986 218002)
Sakmarian293.52 - 290.1USA (New Mexico) Wewokella sp. (39154)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3Venezuela (Merida) Wewokella solida (41516)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3China (Guangxi) Talpaspongia clavata (107305)
Roadian - Capitanian272.3 - 259.51China (Sichuan) Corynospongia tubuliforma (107306)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51Iran Iranospongia circulata, Regispongia fluegeli (58096)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Canada (British Columbia) Nucha vancouverensis (45379)