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Compsognathidae (compsognathid)

Reptilia - Compsognathidae

Taxonomy
Compsognathidae was named by Cope (1871). Its type is Compsognathus. It was considered monophyletic by Gishlick and Gauthier (2007).

It was reranked as the subfamily Compsognathidae by Nopcsa (1901); it was synonymized subjectively with Coeluridae by Romer (1956), Romer (1966), Steel (1970) and Casamiquela (1975).

It was assigned to Compsognatha by Dollo (1884); to Megalosauria by Baur (1891); to Compsognatha by Sauvage (1882), Vetter (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Marsh (1895) and Marsh (1896); to Coeluridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Saurischia by Arldt (1909) and Huene (1909); to Plateosauria by Tornier (1913); to Symphypoda by Cope (1871), Cope (1875) and Matthew and Brown (1922); to Coelurosauroidea by Nopcsa (1928); to Coelurosauria by Kuhn (1946); to Coeluria by Kuhn (1966); to Coeluroidea by Tatarinov (1964) and Maleev (1968); to Coelurosauria by Roxo (1937) and Bonaparte (1980); to Theropoda by Zittel (1890), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), McIntosh (1981) and Thulborn (1984); to Compsognathia by Paul (1988); to Theropoda by Lydekker (1888), von Zittel (1911), Bidar et al. (1972), Ostrom (1978) and Carroll (1988); to Maniraptoriformes by Peyer (2004); to Maniraptora by Holtz (2000) and Hwang et al. (2004); to Coelurosauria by Huene (1914), Huene (1914), Huene (1914), Huene (1914), Matthew (1915), Huene (1920), Nopcsa (1923), Lull (1924), Huene (1926), Huene (1929), Huene (1933), Stromer (1934), Huene (1948), Huene (1959), Ostrom (1980), Barsbold (1983), Zinke (1998), Sereno (1999), Currie and Chen (2001), Holtz et al. (2004), Naish et al. (2004) and Peyer (2006); and to Coelurosauria by Holtz (1998), Göhlich et al. (2006), Gishlick and Gauthier (2007), Rauhut et al. (2010), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) and Xing et al. (2020).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1871Compsognathidae Cope p. 234
1875Compsognathidae Cope p. 13
1882Compsognathidae Sauvage p. 36
1884Compsognathidae Dollo p. 298
1884Compsognathidae Marsh p. 69
1884Compsognathidae Vetter p. 363
1885Compsognathidae Marsh p. 765
1888Compsognathidae Lydekker p. 156
1890Compsognathidae Zittel p. 733
1891Compsognathidae Baur p. 450
1895Compsognathidae Marsh
1896Compsognathidae Marsh p. 240
1901Compsognathidae Nopcsa p. 195
1902Compsognathidae Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxv
1909Compsognathidae Arldt p. 261
1909Compsognathidae Huene p. 15
1911Compsognathidae von Zittel p. 282
1913Compsognathidae Tornier p. 368
1914Compsognathidae Huene p. 37
1915Compsognathidae Matthew p. 32
1920Compsognathidae Huene p. 162
1922Compsognathidae Matthew and Brown p. 381
1923Compsognathidae Nopcsa p. 125
1924Compsognathidae Lull p. 232
1926Compsognathidae Huene p. 98
1928Compsognathidae Nopcsa p. 183
1929Compsognathidae Huene p. 270
1933Compsognathidae Huene p. 59
1934Compsognathidae Stromer p. 80
1937Compsognathidae Roxo p. 65
1946Compsognathidae Kuhn p. 65
1948Compsognathidae Huene p. 89
1959Compsognathidae Huene p. 121
1964Compsognathidae Tatarinov p. 531
1966Compsognathidae Kuhn p. 93
1968Compsognathidae Maleev p. 95
1972Compsognathidae Bidar et al.
1978Compsognathidae Ostrom p. 75
1980Compsognathidae Bonaparte p. 82
1980Compsognathidae Ostrom p. 21
1981Compsognathidae McIntosh p. 9
1983Compsognathidae Barsbold p. 86
1984Compsognathidae Thulborn p. 132
1988Compsognathidae Carroll
1988Compsognathidae Paul p. 297
1998Compsognathidae Holtz, Jr. p. 40
1998Compsognathidae Zinke p. 181
1999Compsognathidae Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2
2000Compsognathidae Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5
2001Compsognathidae Currie and Chen
2004Compsognathidae Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 76
2004Compsognathidae Hwang et al. p. 28 fig. 12
2004Compsognathidae Naish et al. p. 4
2004Compsognathidae Peyer p. 101A
2006Compsognathidae Göhlich et al. p. 7
2006Compsognathidae Peyer p. 880
2007Compsognathidae Gishlick and Gauthier p. 579
2010Compsognathidae Rauhut et al. pp. 183-184 fig. 23
2011Compsognathidae Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2014Compsognathidae Hendrickx and Mateus
2016Beipiaognathus Hu et al. p. 192
2016Beipiaognathus jii Hu et al. p. 192 fig. 1–4
2020Compsognathidae Xing et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
RankNameAuthor
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
familyCompsognathidae
familyCompsognathidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Compsognathidae Cope 1871 [compsognathid]
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G. †Aniksosaurus Martínez and Novas 2006
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Aniksosaurus darwini Martínez and Novas 2006
G. †Aristosuchus Seeley 1887
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Aristosuchus pusillus Owen 1876
Subfm. †Compsognathinae Nopcsa 1923
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G. †Saurornithoides Nopcsa 1928
G. †Compsognathus Wagner 1861 [elegant jaw]
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Compsognathus longipes Wagner 1861
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Invalid names: Compsognathus corallestris Bidar et al. 1972 [synonym]
G. †Huaxiagnathus Hwang et al. 2004
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Huaxiagnathus orientalis Hwang et al. 2004
G. †Mirischia Naish et al. 2004
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Mirischia asymmetrica Naish et al. 2004
G. †Ornitholestes Osborn 1903
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Ornitholestes hermanni Osborn 1903
G. †Scipionyx Dal Sasso and Signore 1996
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Scipionyx samniticus Dal Sasso and Signore 1996
G. †Sinocalliopteryx Ji et al. 2007
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Sinocalliopteryx gigas Ji et al. 2007
G. †Xunmenglong Xing et al. 2020
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Xunmenglong yingliangis Xing et al. 2020
Invalid names: Beipiaognathus Hu et al. 2016 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
K. A. v. Zittel 1890Wirbel und Extremitätenknochen hohl. Halswirbel vorne schwach convex, hinten leicht ausgehöhlt; die übrigen Wirbel platycöl. Schädel vogelartig, langgestreckt : Zwischenkiefer, Ober- und Unterkiefer mit spitzen, etwas gekrümmten conischen Zähnen besetzt. Vorderbeine nur halb so lang als Hinterbeine. Hals lang, biegsam, mit stabförmigen Halsrippen. Schambeine kräftig, distal verschmolzen, nach vorn und innen geivendet, länger als die schlanken Sitzbeine. Femur kürzer als Tibia. Astragalus mit langem aufsteigendem Fortsatz, dem distalen Ende der Tibia dicht anliegend. Hand und Fuss mit drei funetionirenden Zehen, die übrigen rudimentär.
B. F. Nopcsa 1901A nyakcsigolya bordái szabadok, els csigolyák convexoconcávok, hátulsók biconcavok; astragalus processus ascendenssel, kéz és láb 3 ujjal.

[The ribs of the cervical vertebrae are free, the anterior vertebrae are convexoconcave, the posterior vertebrae are biconcave; astragalus with processus ascendens, hands and feet with 3 fingers.]
R. S. Lull 1924But two and a half feet long; neck long; pubis strong, longer than slender ischium; femur shorter than tibia; astragalus bearing long ascending process in close contact with tibia; metatarsals long and slender; both hands and feet possessing but three functional digits.
B. F. Nopcsa 1928pubes short with hammer-shapeddistal end; caudals moderately elongated; hallux opposable; bipedal animals
F. v. Huene 194810 cervicals, 13 dorsals, 5 sacrals; manus with functioning 3 fingers; three medial toes longest; pubis with shoe-like process at distal end. Jurassic.
A. D. Gishlick and J. A. Gauthier 2007All tetanuran theropods stemming from the first ancestor possessing an enlarged thumb with metacarpal I novelties homologous to those in Compsognathus longipes Wagner, 1861 (BSP 1563), including the following (Fig. 12): metacarpal I very short (MII/MI < 35% (26% in Compsognathus; 35% in Sinosauropteryx prima), with discrete extensor tubercle directed proximo-radially (ratio 1.8–1.4 proximally to radially), and barely asymmetrical distal condyles (< 5° offset ulnar to radial condyles).
L. Xing et al. 2020Compsognathids remain unstable both in phylogenetic position and taxonomic membership. For this reason, diagnosis varies from an analysis to another (Peyer, 2006; Dal Sasso and Maganuco, 2011). Based on an analysis of the dataset from Choiniere et al. (2014) with the inclusion of a new taxon, compsognathids are diagnosed in this paper by a combination of the following unambiguous synapomorphies: anterior cervical centra, longitudinally shorter than twice the transverse width (character 256.0); neural spines of posterior dorsal vertebrae, anteroposteriorly expanded (286.1); more than 40 caudal vertebrae (304.0); long, hair-like cervical ribs (320.1); supraacetabular crest, absent (439.0, 440.2); fibular crest continual from proximal articular surface (508.0).
In addition, the following characters are ACCTRAN-optimized synapomorphies: promaxillary fenestra, absent (character 21.0); anterior process of maxilla, shorter than tall and offset from maxillary body (28.0); pneumatic quadrate (110.1); large, round internal mandibular fenestra (175.1); rod-like retroarticular process (198.0); myohyal foramen at concave ventral margin (206.2); sacral vertebrae with unfused zygapophyses (299.0); subcircular coracoid (340.0); penultimate phalanx of manual digit III, longer than each of more proximal phalanges (405.1). Finally, the following characters are DELTRAN-optimized synapomorphies: subcircular promaxillary tooth crowns in cross section (217.0); hook-like extension on anterior end of dorsal neural spines (290.1); straight or gently curved ventral margin of anterior iliac blade (419.0); poorly developed insertion for m.iliofibularis on fibula (517.0); and ascending process of astragalus, broad and covering most of anterior surface of distal end of tibia (526.0).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Maximum body mass: 30 kgg
Minimum body mass: 300 gg
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order
References: Peczkis 1995, Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Turonian or 155.70000 to 89.80000 Ma

Collections (19 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian161.2 - 150.8USA (Wyoming) Ornitholestes sp. (126540)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Portugal (Leiria) Compsognathus sp. (24563)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) Compsognathus longipes (92110)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Ornitholestes hermanni (12816 22648)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Germany (Bayern) Compsognathus longipes (57682)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian155.7 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Ornitholestes sp. (45975)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Compsognathus corallestris (35262)
Late/Upper Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0United Kingdom (England) Compsognathidae indet. (232052)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4China (Hebei) Xunmenglong yingliangis (68022)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Khon Kaen) Coelurosauria indet. (35974)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46China (Liaoning) Beipiaognathus jii (223861) Huaxiagnathus orientalis (55425) Sinocalliopteryx gigas (79488) Sinocalliopteryx sp. (224635)
Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian129.4 - 122.46United Kingdom (England) Poikilopleuron pusillus (92917)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 112.03Brazil (Pernambuco) Compsognathidae indet. (28050)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0Italy (Campania) Theropoda indet. (68888)
Cenomanian - Turonian100.5 - 89.8Argentina (Chubut) Coelurosauria indet. (70674)